4:30–5:20 p.m.

Poster 49

Omar Aristizabal (Microbiology)
Mentor: Chen Tan
Characterizing Ebolavirus Localization and Neuroinflammation in the Murine Central Nervous System (CNS)

Abstract: Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is rare yet lethal. Infection is characterized by hemorrhagic fever, systemic hyperinflammation, and multiorgan failure in part due to cytokine storm. While the central nervous system (CNS) is not considered a primary site of early infection, some survivors suffer neurological sequelae with the risk of relapse. How Ebola enters the CNS and its cellular targets remains unclear. Interferon-α/β receptor knockout (IFNAR-/-) mice were infected with wild-type EBOV to recapitulate key aspects of disease pathogenesis. Infection was performed under biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) conditions at Rocky Mountain Laboratories. Mice were euthanized at 5 days post-infection (DPI). RT-qPCR was used to quantify viral RNA and cytokine transcripts, while multiplex IHC and RNAScope immunofluorescence analysis supported single-cell mapping of infected and activated brain cell populations. EBOV viral proteins localized predominantly with microglia and macrophages. Neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells exhibited minimal direct infection, although astrocytes were frequently adjacent to infected cells. Infected brains exhibited reduced signals in neurons, endothelial cells, and tight junction proteins. Inflammatory cytokines IFN-α, IFN-β, CXCL10, ISG15, and GBP5, were upregulated in the CNS by microglia, macrophage, astrocytes, and endothelial cells, consistent with a strong antiviral interferon-stimulated gene response within the CNS. These results support a ‘Trojan horse’ model in which infiltrating macrophages carry EBOV into the CNS, seeding infection of resident microglia and triggering a local type I interferon–driven antiviral proinflammatory response. This work highlights innate immune pathways in the brain as potential targets to mitigate long-term neurological complications of Ebola virus disease.

Poster 50

Leila Assadi (Political Science, Economics)
Mentor: Nicholas Martini
Perceptions of the Economy and Support for Populist Parties: A Study of the 2024 European Parliament Elections

Abstract: The 2024 European Parliament elections held in the European Union between June 6–9, 2024 were marred by a number of key issues that were at the forefront of many voters’ minds, including the war in Ukraine, high migration pressure, slow COVID-19 recovery, and the persistent cost-of-living crisis. At the same time, populist parties remain a prominent force across the European Union. This study examines whether negative perceptions of the economy increase support for populist parties and explores how this relationship varies across national contexts. Using individual-level data from the 2024 European Election Study, I analyzed the relationship between voters’ perceptions of national economic conditions and their likelihood of supporting populist parties. The findings provide mixed support for the expectation that economic dissatisfaction increases populist vote support. Across the European Union, voters who perceived the economy as worsening were modestly more likely to support populist parties than those with neutral or positive economic perceptions. However, this relationship was relatively weak and varied substantially across countries. These results suggest that economic perceptions influence electoral behavior, but their effects are influenced by national political contexts and the role of populist parties within domestic party systems. Rather than uniformly driving support for populist parties, economic dissatisfaction interacts with other institutional and political factors to shape voter preferences in Europe.

Poster 51

Avery Balm (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Scott Shaw
Contrary to Expectations: Elevated X-ray Intensities in Low-Vacuum SEM-EDS Analysis of Nonconductive Substrates.

Abstract: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) enables high-resolution imaging and elemental analysis of sample surfaces. Although SEM-EDS is typically performed under high-vacuum (HV) conditions to minimize electron scattering by gas molecules, nonconductive samples can accumulate charge, producing imaging artifacts and compromising analysis. Low-vacuum (LV) conditions reduce charging through ionization of chamber gas molecules, but introduce beam skirting, reducing the fraction of primary electrons reaching the intended analysis area and broadening the region of X-ray excitation. As part of a Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), environmental surface films are collected on various substrates, including silicon disks and polyurethane-based Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) applied to aluminum-magnesium alloy wafers. Severe charging of CARC under HV necessitates LV analysis. However, preliminary EDS measurements show unexpectedly higher characteristic X-ray counts under LV than HV. Because the deposited films are sparsely distributed, additional X-ray excitation caused by beam skirting would be expected to preferentially increase substrate-associated signals relative to film-associated signals. Preliminary results do not show this trend, suggesting that beam skirting alone may not fully explain the observed differences. To investigate these results, EDS spectra will be compared across varying LV chamber pressures, while the effects of increasing probe current will be examined under both HV and LV conditions. Comparable measurements on silicon samples will provide a reference independent of CARC. This work aims to identify factors contributing to the unexpected X-ray intensities and improve the interpretation of EDS measurements of environmental surface films on nonconductive substrates.

Poster 52

Katelyn Barber (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Douglas Houston
Characterizing Maternal RNA Localization in Dodecaploid X. longipes

Abstract: During early development, localized maternal RNA molecules play a crucial role in the cell specification and differentiation process, allowing cells to develop distinct identities depending on their position within the early embryo. The localization of these RNA molecules is especially important during early development before activation of the zygotic genome. Oocytes, or unfertilized egg cells, provide an effective model for studying these RNA molecules because they are maternally derived. Many maternal RNA molecules have been identified in the allotetraploid Xenopus laevis and are known to localize in specific patterns in oocytes. These patterns have not yet been characterized in the related dodecaploid Xenopus longipes, although preliminary studies of genome size scaling suggest that key developmental processes are conserved across species. We hypothesize that localization patterns of specific maternal RNAs in X. longipes oocytes will be conserved with those previously observed in X. laevis oocytes. To identify candidate RNAs, I used bioinformatic analyses to compare the X. longipes transcriptome with known localized RNAs in X. laevis. Candidate RNAs were then cloned into vectors for probe synthesis, and in situ hybridization was used to visualize RNA localization patterns in oocytes of both species. Conservation of localization patterns would suggest that mechanisms of RNA transport, anchoring, and spatial regulation are conserved across species despite large differences in genome size. Future studies may investigate the molecular mechanisms by which genome size influences transcriptional regulation.

Poster 53

Beverly Bishop (Sustainability Science)
Mentors: Susan Meerdink, Samuel Taylor
From Drought to Deluge: What Contrasting Years Reveal About Microcystin Influences in the Iowa Great Lakes

Abstract: Harmful algal blooms threaten water quality, human health, and the recreation that brings over one million visitors to the Iowa Great Lakes each summer. Not all algal blooms are harmful, but cyanobacterial blooms are more likely to produce microcystin, a toxin known to cause harm to humans and pets. To increase public awareness, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (DNR) monitors weekly microcystin levels during the summer at four beaches on West Okoboji Lake and three beaches on Big Spirit Lake. Here, we examine how microcystin levels in West Okoboji and Big Spirit Lake correspond to weather, crop cover, and nutrient inputs. Specifically, we compared four notable years: two with low microcystin presence (2010 and 2012), and two with high microcystin presence (2007 and 2024). In 2010, there were zero microcystin exceedances beyond the Iowa DNR advisory level of 1.6 µg/L. In 2012, one West Okoboji beach exceeded this threshold once, and a single Big Spirit beach exceeded it seven times. By contrast, nearly all beaches exceeded the threshold at least once in both 2007 and 2024. Nutrient availability is one of the strongest influences on algal bloom development; however, data from the Cooperative Lakes Area Monitoring Project (CLAMP) showed scattered nitrogen and phosphorus fluctuations across the study period, inconsistent with microcystin exceedances. Nutrient concentrations are also moderated by Iowa’s agricultural practices. An analysis of USDA Cropland Data Layers from 2008-2025 showed that corn and soybeans occupy about 46% of the watershed’s area. Corn-on-corn planting, which tends to introduce additional nutrients into the system, was most extensive from 2013 to 2014 (20.38 km2 unchanged) and least extensive from 2023 to 2024 (5.69 km2 unchanged). Across these four years, annual weather patterns appear to be the largest driving factor. NOAA rainfall and snowfall records show that 2012 was a drought year with few exceedances, whereas 2024 was a flood year corresponding to high microcystin and phosphorus levels. Microcystin levels fluctuate significantly both spatially (beach-to-beach) and temporally (year-to-year), making it difficult to discern patterns and drivers. This work provides insight into the factors that influence harmful algal blooms in the Iowa Great Lakes and provides context for future summers.

Poster 54

Alex Bock (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Lori Wallrath
A drug repurposing screen using Drosophila models of muscular dystrophy identified calcium channel blockers as potential treatments

Abstract: Mutations in LMNA encoding A-type lamins cause several types of rare muscular dystrophies that are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, tendon contractures, and dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defects. Currently, symptom management is the only treatment. To understand disease mechanisms and identify potential treatments, Drosophila models for LMNA-associated muscular dystrophies were developed. Expression of some mutant lamins in larval muscles causes 100% lethality at the pupal stage, which allowed us to perform a binary screen for drugs that rescued lethality. A screen of 1,520 drugs identified multiple calcium channel inhibitors as drug repurposing candidates. Here, we determine the effects of the calcium blockers on nuclear envelope shape, muscle size, and intracellular calcium levels. Expression of mutant lamins causes abnormally shaped nuclei, yet animals treated with a calcium blocker retained the abnormal nuclear shape. Mutant lamins cause a reduction in muscle size relative to controls, yet the reduced size was not improved upon treatment with a calcium channel blocker. Intracellular measurements of calcium showed that mutant lamins tended to increase calcium levels in larval muscles and treatment with a calcium channel blocker reduced intracellular calcium. Taken together, our findings indicate that calcium channel blockers are functioning similar as they do in humans by blocking calcium entry into muscle cells. Drug treatment did not improve the physical defects caused by mutant lamins but likely restored calcium homeostasis. Therefore, calcium channel blockers have the potential to be re-purposed for treatment of LMNA-associated muscular dystrophy.

Poster 55

Youssef Bouguerra (Biomedical Engineering)
Mentor: Chris Ahern
Electrophysiological Characterization of the SCN2A R1629P Patient Variant in NaV1.2 Sodium Channels

Abstract: The SCN2A gene encodes NaV1.2, a voltage-gated sodium channel essential for neuronal electrical signaling. Variants in SCN2A have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including intellectual disability, developmental delay, and epilepsy. This study investigates the functional consequences of the previously uncharacterized R1629P variant, identified in a patient (TP) experiencing seizures, irritability, sleep disturbances, learning difficulties, and cognitive impairments. The mutation is located within the domain IV voltage-sensing region of NaV1.2, which plays a critical role in channel inactivation. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were performed on human embryonic kidney 293T cells heterologously overexpressing wild-type (WT) or R1629P NaV1.2 channels. Peak sodium current, voltage-dependent activation, steady-state inactivation, and fast inactivation kinetics were compared between groups. R1629P channels exhibited significantly reduced peak sodium current compared with WT, whereas voltage-dependent activation remained unchanged. In contrast, steady-state inactivation shifted toward more negative membrane potentials, reducing channel availability at resting membrane potentials. Additionally, R1629P channels exhibited slowed fast inactivation kinetics, favoring prolonged currents during depolarization. Together, these findings suggest that R1629P reduces current density and preferentially disrupts NaV1.2 channel inactivation while largely preserving activation. In contrast to conventional SCN2A variant classification, R1929P may represent a mixed gain-of-function and loss-of-function phenotype, exhibiting decreased channel availability but prolonged current duration. This altered channel behavior may influence neuronal excitability and contribute to the neurological and behavioral symptoms observed in TP, informing approaches to functionally targeted precision therapeutics for SCN2A-related disorders.

Poster 56

Julia Brooks (History, Secondary Education)
Mentor: Brandon Dean
Exorcism and the Roman Catholic Church: Earling, Iowa, Gender, and Power

Abstract: This thesis argues that priests in the Roman Catholic Church in the U.S. diagnosed women as suffering from demon possession, rather than acknowledging the possibility of a psychological disorder, and thereby exerted their power through the practice of exorcism. Specifically, it analyzes the case of a famous exorcism in Earling, Iowa (1928). Through a close examination of two rare firsthand accounts about the event, Begone Satan! and The Earling Possession Case, the paper explicates the details of the event as well as conflicting perspectives about it. By doing so, I show that priests labeled psychological disorders as demonic possession and used exorcisms to reinforce the institutional power of the Church over the individual in the United States. I also analyze the gender dynamics present in this interaction.

Poster 57

Rebeca Cacheo (Biology)
Mentor: Tina Tootle
Investigating the Roles of PGD2 and GstS1 in Drosophila Border Cell Migration

Abstract: Cell migration is an important biological process involved in tissue development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Prostaglandins (PGs) are lipid signaling molecules that have been identified as a critical factor in regulating cell migration.  Drosophila border cell cluster serves as an ideal model organism for studying collective cell migration in vivo. A border cell cluster is a group of 6-10 follicle cells. During Stage 9 of oogenesis, they travel together across the nurse cells from the anterior end of the egg chamber and by Stage 10, they reach the boundary of the oocyte. This border cell migration is regulated by many signaling pathways, including PG signaling. Previous study supports that PG is required for on-time border cell migration. However, there are five bioactive PGs, PGE2, PGF2α, PGD2, PGI2, and TXA2. However, which ones are required and how they are involved in border cell migration remain largely unknown. This study focuses on one of the PGs called PGD2 and its synthase GstS1. We investigate the role of the GstS1 during border cell migration by using a gsts1 loss of function mutation gsts1M38/52. Our data supports that Gsts1 is required for border cell migration. This finding highlights the importance of lipid signaling in collective cell migration and provides more details on how different PGs promote cell movement during development and disease.

Poster 58

Brandon Cole (Biomedical Sciences)
Mentor: Erin Talbert
TGF-b1 Lipid Accumulation is Reduced by NAD+ Precursor and NAC Supplementation

Abstract: Myosteatosis, categorized by an accumulation of lipid inside of skeletal muscle, is prevalent in patients with cancer and a marker for poor prognosis. Muscle of mice bearing C-26 tumors demonstrate both increased lipid accumulation and an increase in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 (TGF-b1), leading us to seek a better understanding of the mechanism behind the association. Furthermore, worsening myosteatosis is associated with higher circulating levels of TGF-b1 in people with pancreatic cancer. To determine if TGF-b1 was sufficient to induce lipid accumulation in muscle cells, C2C12 myotubes were treated with 10 ng/mL of TGF-b1 or vehicle. When the media was supplemented with fatty acids, TGF-b1 induced an approximately 25% increase in Bodipy 493/503, demonstrating increased intracellular lipid content. Although the pathways behind the increased lipid accumulation are not well understood, and therefore, difficult to reverse or prevent, our data demonstrated reduced NAD+ and hallmarks of oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested if supplementation with either an NAD+ precursor or a glutathione donor could reduce lipid accumulation. Half of cells were treated with 10 ng/mL of TGF-b1 in low glucose media and half of treated and untreated TGF-b1 cells were given either NMN or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Supplementing either NMN or NAC decreased the lipid accumulation, while the combination of the two did not provide additional protection. This data suggests an NAD+ or glutathione supplementation may decrease lipid accumulation in muscle cells under stress. Increasing the antioxidant capacity or NAD+ supplementation of the myotubes may provide the cell with a greater ability to combat lipid accumulation.

Poster 59

Alayna Gallery (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Human Physiology)
Mentors: Kathleen Sluka, Angela Smith
pCREB Expression in Spinal Dopamine D1-Receptor Expressing Neurons During the Transition to Chronic Pain

Abstract: Chronic pain conditions are highly prevalent, impacting millions of people worldwide, but the mechanisms that explain the transition to chronic pain are not fully understood. The focus of this project is to better understand the mechanisms of D1 receptors and the subunits of NMDA receptors. Research from our lab shows that D1 receptors are involved in the transition to chronic pain. The D1 receptors are stimulatory and bind to dopamine from the brain, initiating a cascade of reactions, some of which play a crucial role downstream in the activation of the NR1 and NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors. We have finished optimizing a pCREB stain for D1 to measure PKA activity. We plan to look at PKA activity indirectly through pCREB staining at two hours post-induction of our chronic widespread pain model. Staining tissue generated with a chronic widespread pain model developed by our lab will allow for us to observe how expression of our chosen molecules’ changes depending on pain.

Poster 60

Sarah Gulick (Microbiology)
Mentors: Alexander Kleinpeter, Sydney Winecke
Characterizing the effects of Lenacapavir resistance on the kinetics of HIV-1 post-entry functions

Abstract: Lenacapavir (LEN) is a first-in-class, highly potent antiretroviral medication used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant HIV-1. LEN targets the viral capsid, which plays multiple roles during viral replication. LEN interferes with both the early and late stages of the viral replication cycle, with its most potent effects occurring post-entry. As LEN continues to be used in the treatment of HIV-1, LEN-resistant variants of HIV-1 have the potential to become more prevalent. The capsid mutant Q67H/K70R/T107N (“HRN”) is a LEN-resistant HIV-1 variant that has emerged in individuals undergoing LEN treatment. Notably, HRN replicates at near-wild-type (WT) levels in both the presence and absence of LEN. The mutations that enable HRN to escape LEN occur at the interface where LEN interacts with the viral capsid. However, this interface is also crucial for interactions with host factors that promote viral replication, raising questions about how HRN replicates as efficiently as WT HIV-1. Here, we have used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to measure the types of reverse transcription products generated during cell culture infections in varying concentrations of LEN. These quantifications provide insight into the stage at which LEN resistance manifests in HRN by comparing WT and HRN post-entry reverse-transcription kinetics. These experiments are foundational for understanding how LEN-resistant variants like HRN maintain fitness despite harboring mutations in key functional regions associated with LEN escape. This research contributes to a broader effort to inform the development and optimization of next-generation HIV-1 capsid-inhibiting drugs.

Poster 61

Ivy Hamilton (Public Health)
Mentors: Kimberly Bergen-Jackson, Janel Meints
How Does the CMS Special Focus Facility (SFF) Program Differentiate Between SFF Candidates and Other Poorly Performing Nursing Homes?

Abstract: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) created the Special Focus Facility (SFF) program to identify nursing homes with a history of persistent quality concerns and provide increased oversight through more frequent inspections. However, not all poorly performing nursing homes are identified as SFF candidates. This study compared SFF candidates with other poorly performing nursing homes not identified as SFF candidates. Specifically, the study compared quality indicators between 10 SFF candidate nursing homes and 10 randomly selected nursing homes with an overall one-star rating that were not SFF candidates. The study examined two quality indicators: health inspection deficiencies and fall prevalence. These measures were selected based on the January 2026 CMS memorandum, which emphasized health inspection performance and resident fall prevalence in the SFF identification and selection process. Descriptive comparisons were used to identify similarities and differences between the two groups. Findings suggest that the two groups showed some similarities across the quality indicators examined. Further research using a larger sample and examining additional CMS selection criteria may help provide a better understanding of how nursing homes are identified as SFF candidates.

Poster 62

Makenzie Housenga (Speech and Hearing Science)
Mentors: Naomi Rodgers, Ethan Kutlu
Social Network Analysis of Youth Who Stutter

Abstract: Stuttering affects 1% of the population; however, the social-emotional impacts extend far beyond that percentage. Across the lifespan, people who stutter often experience heightened anxiety in social interactions, impacting quality of life. Youth who stutter (YWS), are especially vulnerable to teasing and bullying from peers, which plays a significant role in shaping communication confidence. A social network analysis examines an individual's social connections and relationships, and how they impact outcomes. Examining the social networks of YWS may clarify how interpersonal support (e.g., comfort stuttering, openness, and understanding from their network) predicts communication confidence and quality of life. It is hypothesized that YWS with poor interpersonal support will demonstrate lower communication confidence and reduced quality of life, whereas those with positive interpersonal support will demonstrate higher communication confidence and quality of life. We aim to recruit ~50 YWS who are 10-17 years old. Following caregiver consent, participants will complete an online social network survey and measures of communication confidence, social anxiety, and stuttering-related quality of life, taking approximately 20 minutes. Overall, this research seeks to deepen our understanding of the social-emotional challenges YWS experience and highlight the importance of supportive relationships to communication well-being.

Poster 63

Brandon Hu (Neuroscience)
Mentors: Markus Kuehn, Jordan Mayberry
T Cell Infiltration in the Retrolaminar Optic Nerve Head Following Elevated Intraocular Pressure

Abstract: Background: T cells have been shown to infiltrate the retina and contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss in glaucoma. However, T cells are generally not observed in the optic nerve (ON). This study sought to determine if T cells are present in the retrolaminar zone of the ON head, particularly near the optic globe, where reduced myelination of RGC axons may increase vulnerability of RGC axons to T cell mediated damage. Methods: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced in one group of mice using an intracameral injection of 9x107 PFU of Ad5.MyocY437H. Control mice did not receive this injection. IOP was measured for 3 months using rebound tonometry. At the conclusion of the study, sagittal sections of the retina and optic nerve were cut at 10 µm and immunostained for CD3, a T cell marker. CD3-positive T cells were counted in three consecutive regions of each ON, each spanning 0.5 mm in length. Results: Intracameral injections of Ad5.Myoc resulted in elevated IOP in experimental mice while IOP remained unchanged in control mice. Elevated IOP resulted in a significant increase in CD3+ T cell abundance in the retrolaminar ONH of eyes with elevated IOP (mean = 27.6 T cells/section, n=8) when compared to naïve controls (mean = 8.6 T cells/section, n=7, p = 0.011). T cells were predominately located proximal to the ocular globe, decreasing in abundance with increasing distance. The proximal to distal ratio was 3.6 in eyes with elevated IOP and 1.9 in naïve eyes. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that elevated IOP promotes T cell infiltration into the retrolaminar optic nerve head, particularly near the ocular globe. This suggests that reduced myelination in this region may facilitate immune-mediated damage to RGC axons. Targeting T cell activity within the ON head could represent a novel therapeutic strategy to mitigate glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Future studies need to proof whether potential reduced myelination in this region is related to immune-mediated damage to RGC axons.

Poster 64

Jack Ingalls (Neuroscience, Political Science)
Mentors: Mark Blumberg, Greta Sokoloff
Investigating putative sites involved in the production of corollary discharge

Abstract: During a limb movement, the brain produces two neural signals: one that goes to muscle to produce the movement and a copy of that motor command—or corollary discharge (CD)—that is conveyed to other structures to allow the brain to keep track of the body's movements. CD, for example, is necessary for humans to touch their nose with their eyes closed. In rats, internal models emerge between the second and third postnatal weeks. Our work in rats has shown that CD accompanies the production of discrete “twitch” movements during active (REM) sleep, thus providing a building block for the development of internal models. The precise anatomical origins of CD signals are largely unknown. To explore this issue, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a retrograde neural tracer, was injected into the inferior olive (red WGA) and spinal cord (far-red WGA); which are implicated in the reception of CD and motor signals, respectively. Thus, the aim of this experiment is to identify cell bodies in the midbrain projecting to the spinal cord, IO, or both structures, indicated by double-labelling. Forty-eight hours post-injection, the brain and spinal cord were extracted. After fixing and slicing the brain and spinal cord, the injection sites were viewed for confirmation of successful WGA diffusion, and the midbrain was analyzed for projections. This study will identify potential structures in the midbrain implicated in the production of internal models.

Poster 65

Manab Jaily (Biomedical Sciences)
Mentors: Chen Tan, Blake Bernauer
Mapping the NK and T Cell Landscape of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: From Active Disease to Recovery and Therapeutic NK Cell Reprogramming

Abstract: JCPyV is an opportunistic human polyomavirus that causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) when it reactivates in immunocompromised patients. The antiviral immune mechanisms distinguishing viral control from disease progression remain undefined. We assembled a clinically stratified cohort of healthy controls, HIV-positive controls without PML, active PML and PML survivors to relate innate and adaptive antiviral function to clinical status. PBMCs were characterized by 27-color spectral flow cytometry, and FlowSOM clustering resolved NK cells into four subsets (mature cytotoxic, adaptive, activated, immature) and CD4/8 T cells across a differentiation gradient. JCPyV peptide pool and PMA/ionomycin restimulation with intracellular cytokine staining assessed antigen-specific and maximal function (n = 3 donors/group). Immature NK cells were expanded in HIV controls (1%-6%), while adaptive NK cells were skewed in PML survivors (~30% vs. ~17%). Mature cytotoxic NK cells from PML survivors failed to mount JCPyV-specific IFN-γ responses and trended below unstimulated baseline, unlike healthy donors (p.adj = 0.022). This below-baseline suppression extended to bulk NK, CD4, and CD8 T cells (9 of 9 donor-by-lineage observations directionally consistent), and CD4 T cells showed reduced capacity under maximal PMA/ionomycin stimulation (p.adj = 0.034). A terminally differentiated CD8 effector population, prominent in healthy donors (27%), was nearly absent in HIV and PML groups (~0.5%). Across innate and adaptive lineages, PML survivors showed consistent below-baseline responses to JCPyV stimulation not observed in HIV-only controls, suggesting possible antigen-associated suppression rather than a lack of response. These findings suggest antiviral deficits may remain after PML survival. Understanding what limits these responses could help restore antiviral function and shape immune-based therapies for lasting JCPyV control.

Poster 66

Kelsey Koch (Microbiology)
Mentor: Jeremiah Johnson
Characterization of a Phase-Variable Frameshift Mutation in the Lactate Permease gene lctp of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176

Abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Successful colonization of the gastrointestinal tract relies on nutrient acquisition, including utilization of lactate as an energy and carbon source. LctP is a lactate permease predicted to facilitate lactate uptake in C. jejuni. Previous studies have demonstrated that L-lactate accumulates during campylobacteriosis, and deletion of lctP has been shown to reduce the ability of C. jejuni to colonize the gastrointestinal tract during infection. Despite the established role of LctP in lactate utilization and host colonization, the genetic mechanisms that regulate lctP expression are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated genetic variation within lctP in C. jejuni wild type strain 81-176. Sequence analysis identified a phase-variable frameshift mutation resulting from the addition of a single adenine nucleotide within a poly-A tract. This insertion causes a frameshift mutation that introduces a premature stop codon and is predicted to generate a truncated LctP protein. Analysis of wild-type derived isolates revealed variation in the proportion of wild-type and frameshift expression of the LctP gene. These differences were additionally observed with altered growth in MCLMAN media with and without supplemented lactate. Further investigation of this phase-variable frameshift may provide insight into how C. jejuni adapts its metabolic requirements during acute infection and how variation in lactate utilization contributes to bacterial fitness and host colonization.

Poster 67

Alaa Abunibe (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Vitor Lira
Effects of Semiglutide on Body Composition and Skeletal Muscle in Older Adult Mice.

Abstract: Sarcopenia and obesity are highly prevalent conditions in older adults, impacting life expectancy, quality of life, and independence. GLP-1 receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, prevent and treat obesity; however, their impact on skeletal muscle health and function in older adults remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the effects of semaglutide on body composition and skeletal muscle function in older adult mice. Twenty-month-old male and female C57BL/6N mice were fed a high-fat diet for 7–8 weeks to reach an overweight state. Those mice were then assigned to semaglutide (SEMA), pair-feeding (PF), or control groups for 3 weeks. Muscle contractile function and body composition were assessed via in vivo percutaneous stimulation and nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. After treatment, (n = 11-16 males and females combined/group, with ~50% females; CONTROL n = 11, SEMA n = 15, PF n = 16), semaglutide and PF groups lost body weight (-13.1%, p<0.0001, and -12.3%, p<0.001), body fat (-10.2%, p=0.0002 and -8.9%, p=0.0008), and lean mass (-4.7%, p=0.0082 and -2.4%, p=0.2207) compared to controls. Interestingly, semaglutide treatment led to a significant improvement in glucose tolerance in relation to both PF (p=0.0036) and controls (p=0.0073). Additionally, preliminary analysis suggests that semaglutide and PF do not compromise maximal force. These initial findings indicate that most outcomes of semaglutide can be mimicked by calorie restriction and do not greatly affect muscle force when male and female mice are evaluated jointly. We are currently investigating the muscular and molecular mechanisms underlying potential sex-specific differences.

Poster 68

Zachary Adams (History, Ethics and Public Policy)
Mentor: Colin Gordon
Terror as Strategy: the evolution of James Mason’s neo-Nazi ideology of lone wolf terrorism and subcultural Nazism

Abstract: This essay argues that James Mason's main contribution and evolution of American Neo-Nazism were his ideas around organization and mass media production. It is divided into three parts. First, I examine three neo-Nazi figures who influenced Mason’s early ideological development. George Lincoln Rockwell founder of the American Nazi Party, William Luther Pierce author of The Turner Diaries, and Joseph Tomassi founder of the National Socialist Liberation Front. This section then explores Mason’s embrace of an extreme faction of the American neo-Nazi movement which that embraced cell-based terror advocated terrorist attacks and mass killings with the goal of instigating the collapse of America. Second, I investigate how he made connections with other National Socialists like White Aryan Resistance leader Tom Metzger and countercultural figures in the music and publishing industry such as the black metal musicians Michael Moynihan and Boyd Rice. Third and finally, I examine how he became an inspiration for far-right groups who were active in internet subcultures and social media who seized hold of his strategies and ideas. I argue that James Mason’s ethos—his contrarianism, support of extreme violence, and embrace of the counterculture, became popular themes for the alt right. The thesis makes use of James Mason’s personal correspondence, writing, and publications collected primarily from the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas as well as his self-published book SIEGE.

Poster 69

Laina Davies (Environmental Policy, Ethics and Public Policy)
John Conrads
Mentor: Heather Sander
Modeling Human and Wildlife Collision Frequency

Abstract: Motor vehicle collisions with wildlife are a threat to both people and wild species in Iowa. Preventing vehicle collisions is a complicated issue, as the environmental and landscape characteristics that put areas at high risk are not fully understood. The goal of this study is to identify what locations are at a higher risk for collisions and what contributes to the higher risk. Roadkill surveys were conducted to document wildlife deaths along the roadways of Johnson County, Iowa. The selected roadways were within 500 meters of camera traps used to survey mammalian wildlife. The photographs from the cameras provided an estimate of relative wildlife activity among locations. GIS data were used to evaluate how roads, habitats, and wildlife activity influence collision frequency using a regression model. We found that high wildlife-vehicle collision risk varied among the various landscape, road, wildlife activity, and land cover types. Locations with higher wildlife activity, certain types of habitats, and high-speed limits are contributing factors to collision risk. The resulting models identified areas with higher collision probability. These findings indicated that wildlife-vehicle collisions can be reduced by mitigating risks in collision-prone areas and improving human and wildlife well-being.

Poster 70

Kathleen Delgado Villatoro (Public Health)
Mentor: Shannon Watkins
Shifting media narratives of PCB mitigation in Vermont schools

Abstract: Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants and known carcinogens historically used in building materials. In Vermont, the discovery of PCBs in Burlington High School (BHS) prompted legislation requiring older schools to test for contamination. As the first school to undergo testing and remediation, BHS consumed half of the available mitigation funding and generated intense public backlash. The controversy highlighted challenges in implementing environmental health policy, public trust, communicating science, and managing the financial limitations of the Vermont PCB program. Methods: This project used thematic analysis of newspaper coverage documenting the discovery of PCBs in Vermont schools and the expansion of Vermont’s statewide testing program. An existing dataset of newspaper articles was expanded to include articles through 2026. These articles were coded in Dedoose using a codebook to identify themes like public perception, scientific communication, school action, and funding concerns. Results: Media narratives initially expressed doubt over the health effects of PCBs, as well as distrust and criticism toward state officials over the implementation of the PCB program. Now, most of the public recognizes the need for PCB testing and the health effects they can cause. However, widespread concerns about how the program is enforced, despite limited funding and unclear remediation outcomes, remain a controversial topic. Tension between long-term health protection and the immediate financial constraints and burdens placed on schools and communities. Conclusion: The evolution of media coverage shows how public discourse about environmental health policy implementation has changed over time, while questions of scientific uncertainty and financial constraints remain. Analyzing how media narratives reported on the PCB situation can help inform better methods for risk communication.

Poster 71

Kia Grigg (Exercise Science)
Mentor: Vitor Lira
Sex Dimorphic Mechanisms Underlie Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy

Abstract: Disuse-skeletal muscle atrophy is a prevalent condition involving progressive myofiber size loss and impaired contractile function. Disuse drives proteolytic pathways like the autophagy-lysosome system, modulated by UNC-51-like kinase 1 and 2 (ULK1/2). These mechanisms may be sexually dimorphic, as females and males exhibit differences in proteolytic transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. Therefore, our aim is to mechanistically explore the role of sex in autophagy-lysosome modulation in unilateral immobilization. Wild-type (WT) and skeletal muscle-specific ULK1/2 (Ulk1/2 skmDKO) female and male mice underwent unilateral hindlimb immobilization (3 and 7 days). Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were analyzed for muscle mass, fiber type, diameter, protein synthesis rate, muscle force, autophagic flux, and select RNA and protein levels by immunoblotting. Induction of autophagy was attenuated in both male and female Ulk1/2 skmDKO. However, blunted autophagy only protected males against muscle atrophy as indicated by total TA mass (WT –18% vs skmDKO –10%, p<0.01) and attenuated fiber size decrease across MyHC IIa, IIx, and IIb fibers. Also, only in males, this protection was associated with attenuated decreases in protein synthesis rate (WT – 38.6% vs skmDKO –17.3%, p=0.05). Mechanistically, the phosphorylation levels of mTORC1, P70S6K, and RPS6 were increased only in skmDKO males, suggesting that ULK1/2 deficiency blunts the autophagy-lysosome system and also preserves anabolic signaling in males. These results point to sex-dimorphic mechanisms for disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. While ULK1/2-dependent modulation of the autophagy-lysosome system and protein synthesis plays a crucial role in males, the mechanisms involved in females remain to be determined.

Poster 72

Rachel Hamling (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Kara Whitaker
Associations of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors with Blood Pressure and Mental Health at 6 Weeks Postpartum

Abstract: Authors: Rachel E. Hamling,1 Brooke N. Anthos, 1 Jaemyung Kim, 1 Bethany Barone Gibbs2, Kara M. Whitaker1. Institutions: 1University of Iowa; 2West Virginia University. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SED), and sleep are associated with cardiovascular and mental health, yet these associations during the early postpartum period are not well characterized. PURPOSE: To determine whether 24-hour movement behaviors are associated with blood pressure and mental health at 6 weeks postpartum. METHODS: Postpartum 24/7 cohort study participants (n=20) completed assessments at 6 weeks postpartum. Two devices assessed MVPA, LPA, and SED (activPAL) and sleep (Actiwatch). Participants wore monitors continuously for 7 days and measured blood pressure twice daily in the morning and evening using an oscillometric monitor. Anxiety (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (CES-D), and perceived stress (PSS) were assessed via questionnaire. Linear regression models examined associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and blood pressure and mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Participants (32.8 ± 6.0 years; BMI 34.0 ± 7.2 kg/m²) accumulated 13.7 ± 10.8 min/day of MVPA, 4.9 ± 1.5 h/day of LPA, 10.3 ± 1.3 h/day of SED, and 7.3 ± 0.8 h/night of sleep. After adjustment for antihypertensive medication use, each additional hour/day of LPA was associated with a 3.3 mmHg lower systolic blood pressure (95% CI: -6.51, -0.10; p=0.044). No associations were observed between MVPA, LPA, SED, or sleep and anxiety, depressive symptoms, or perceived stress. CONCLUSION: In preliminary analyses, greater LPA was associated with lower systolic blood pressure at 6 weeks postpartum, whereas no associations were observed with mental health outcomes. Analyses will be repeated upon completion of data collection to evaluate these associations with greater statistical power.

Poster 73

Olivia Heller (Biochemistry)
Mentor: Jessica Tucker
Characterizing the Role of Clp1 in Kaposi sarcoma assisted herpesviral lytic reactivation

Abstract: Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human gammaherpesvirus that is the etiological agent of both Kaposi sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. Limited vaccines and antivirals for KSHV highlight the need to better understand viral replication. Previous studies in the lab have identified the host RNA kinase, Clp1, as an important factor in replication of the genetically related murine gamma herpes virus 68 (MHV68). Here, we sought to determine whether Clp1 knockdown produces similar effects on human KSHV replication. We used iSLK.219 cells, which harbor latent KSHV and undergo doxycycline-induced lytic reactivation monitored by an RFP reporter. We performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of human Clp1 followed by viral reactivation. Our controls included non-targeting siRNAs, as well as mock-reactivation siNT treated cells and a mock-reactivated sample set. Samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-reactivation to assess viral protein expression and extracellular genome copies. Our preliminary results suggest that Clp1 knockdown produces a similar phenotype in KSHV as it does in MHV68, reducing the extent of lytic reactivation. Microscopy images show a large decrease in RFP signal (lytic cells) starting around 48hpr. Western blots show an overall decrease in expression of latent (LANA), early (ORF57), and late lytic (ORF26) viral proteins in Clp1-depleted cells. Extracellular genome copy analysis further supports a reduction in viral production following Clp1 knockdown. Together, these data suggest that Clp1 may play a proviral role in KSHV replication. Further investigation of Clp1 may reveal mechanisms regulating gammaherpesvirus replication and identify potential targets for antiviral intervention.

Poster 74

Luke Jennings (Biology)
Mentor: Anna Dabrowski
EEG spectral analysis of sleep/wake states in Dravet syndrome mice

Abstract: Dravet syndrome is an epilepsy syndrome with severe developmental comorbidities. The majority of cases are caused by pathogenic variants in the SCN1A gene. Mice lacking one copy of Scn1a (Scn1a+/-) display many aspects of the Dravet syndrome clinical phenotype, including spontaneous seizures, behavioral differences, and increased risk of premature death. As part of a larger study looking at neuronal connectivity changes, we asked whether Scn1a+/- mice have changes in their baseline brainwaves as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). To do this, we implanted wild-type (WT) and Scn1a+/- littermates with subdural electrodes and recorded continuous EEG and electromyography (EMG). We primed a subset of the Scn1a +/- mice to have more seizures by inducing a hyperthermic seizure at postnatal day 24 (P24). We scored sleep and wake for two 24-hour epochs at P28 for each mouse, corresponding approximately to adolescence. We performed a power spectral analysis of frequencies measured by EEG using EEGLAB. Our preliminary data show a dominance of theta frequencies in Scn1a+/- mice compared to WT during wakefulness. Changes in EEG frequency will serve as an additional biomarker for brain dysfunction in Scn1a+/- mice in ongoing experiments.

Poster 75

Leen Kassas (Psychology)
Maya Shelangoski
Mentor: Isaac Petersen
Opportunity for Whom?: Examining the Child Opportunity Index and Children’s Social/Emotional Functioning

Abstract: Children’s development is shaped by broader social and environmental contexts, yet the effects of neighborhood-level opportunity on individual social-emotional functioning remain an important area of investigation. Previous research has documented substantial racial and ethnic inequities in neighborhood opportunity, highlighting the importance of considering how the effects of neighborhood opportunity vary across populations. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) measures neighborhood conditions and resources associated with children’s opportunities for healthy development. This study examined associations between neighborhood opportunity and children’s internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and social competence. Participants included 231 children from a community sample, aged 3 to 7.5 years (M = 4.12, SD = 0.85). We conducted hierarchical linear regression analyses to examine associations between the three domains of the COI—education, health/environment, and social/economic status—and children’s internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and social competency. Results indicated that neighborhood opportunity was not significantly associated with the social-emotional outcomes examined (|βs| < 0.06, ps > 0.09). Given that participants were primarily recruited from the Iowa City area, results may not generalize to children from more racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds or from different neighborhood contexts. Future research should investigate these associations in samples from a broader geographical area to better capture more diverse racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds to better examine how systemic and contextual factors may shape children’s developmental outcomes.

Poster 76

Sophia King (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Sarit Smolikove
Low Levels of DSB-3 May Be Sufficient to Support the Formation of Crossover-Generating DNA Double-Strand Breaks in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline.

Abstract: Correct chromosomal segregation into gametes depends on crossover formation between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. This process begins with a SPO-11-induced DNA double-strand break (DSB) that, in C. elegans, is promoted by a complex of DSB-1, DSB-2, and DSB-3 proteins. SPO-11-induced DSBs are formed continuously from the first half of meiotic prophase I, but only DSBs formed in the second half of this region are required for crossover formation. While DSB-3 is essential for DSB formation, the levels of this protein drop right where DSB formation is required for crossover generation, except in a few select “outlier” nuclei that retain high DSB-3 levels. We hypothesized that outlier nuclei fluctuate over time so that every nucleus in the late DSB region eventually accumulates high levels of DSB-3. However, live imaging with DSB-3::GFP germlines revealed static outlier nuclei over 30 minutes. This, combined with our analysis of the number of outlier nuclei and the proportion of crossover-generating nuclei, is inconsistent with this hypothesis. Therefore, it is unlikely that all nuclei in the late DSB region accumulate high levels of DSB-3. We also tested the alternative hypothesis that low levels of DSB-3 are sufficient to support DSB formation in this region. GFP intensity measurements of fixed DSB-3::GFP germlines revealed higher DSB-3::GFP intensity in crossover-generating nuclei than in those that do not or in wild-type (untagged) nuclei. Therefore, low DSB-3 levels may be sufficient to support the formation of late DSBs necessary for crossover formation.

Poster 77

Fardowsa Mohamed (Biology)
Mentor: Yassine Filali
How do CGRP-induced migraine-like states affect motor activity in mice under different lighting conditions?

Abstract: Photophobia, or increased sensitivity to light, is a common symptom of migraines. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) can be used to induce migraine-like symptoms in mice to better understand how migraines affect behavior. This study investigated how different lighting conditions affect motor activity in mice experiencing CGRP-induced migraine-like states. The results showed that mice exhibited more movement in light conditions and less movement in dark conditions. These findings suggest that lighting conditions may influence motor activity in mice experiencing migraine-like symptoms.

Poster 78

Nathaniel Murray (Biology)
Mentor: E. Anne Martin
Effects of Grip 1 deletion on the formation of electrical synapses​ ​

Abstract: The nervous system is made up of billions of cellular connections called synapses. There are two kinds of synapses, electrical and chemical. Chemical synapses have been extensively studied, whereas the molecules used to construct electrical synapses are still relatively unknown. Our lab recently identified several potential electrical synapse molecules through a proteomics screen. Intriguingly several of the candidates we found were previously identified to play critical roles in chemical synapse formation. Here we seek to determine if one of these molecules, Grip1, plays a role in electrical synapse construction. We find Grip 1 localizes adjacent to electrical synapses in larval zebrafish. Grip1 serves as a scaffolding protein for glutamate receptors which are necessary to construct chemical synapses, but whether Grip1 functions to construct electrical synapses is unknown. To test this, we created larval zebrafish mutants for Grip1 and analyzed both electrical and chemical synapse markers at Mauthner synapses to identify if Grip1 deletion impacts electrical or chemical synapse formation. Surprisingly, we find Grip1 deletion has no significant effect on the amount Connexin nor glutamate receptors present at electrical synapse or chemical synapses. This may reflect that other Grip family members such as Grip 2 may provide similar functions to Grip 1, or that Grip1 may function in electrical synapse plasticity rather than formation. Future work will test a double knockout of Grip 1 and Grip 2 to see removal of both proteins impacts synapse formation

Poster 79

Shreyas Natarajan (Biomedical Sciences)
Kathit Patel
Mentor: Isaac Samuel
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Gallbladder Surgery

Abstract: Bile duct injury (BDI) remains a significant complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, highlighting the importance of accurate anatomical identification and achievement of the Critical View of Safety (CVS). Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to support surgeons by recognizing critical anatomical structures and evaluating operative safety. However, anatomical visibility varies throughout surgery and may be complicated by inflammation, adhesions, and disease severity. This study investigates whether a multimodal AI framework can quantify anatomical visibility across seven surgical phases, assess CVS, and evaluate how gallbladder disease severity influences anatomical recognition. The framework integrates YOLO11 for anatomical object detection, MedSAM-2 for image segmentation, TeCNO for surgical phase recognition, and Google's Gemini vision-language model for anatomical assessment. Intraoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos are analyzed to generate visibility scores (0.0–1.0) for the hepatobiliary triangle, cystic duct–infundibulum, and cystic artery. Scores are compared across seven operative phases to identify when anatomical structures are most and least identifiable. CVS is independently evaluated using three established clinical criteria, with an experimental index determined by the lowest criterion-level evidence score. Additionally, the Parkland Grading Scale (1–5) characterizes gallbladder disease severity. The study investigates whether increasing severity is associated with reduced CVS scores and identifies which surgical phases and anatomical structures demonstrate the greatest changes in visibility across severity groups. This research aims to advance phase-aware surgical AI as a potential intraoperative decision-support tool for improving anatomical recognition and reducing bile duct injury risk.

Poster 80

Netachi Nwizu (Biomedical Sciences)
Mentors: Anthony Fischer, Jose Zapata
Communal Water Sources Serve as Reservoirs for Opportunistic Pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen commonly associated with immunocompromised populations and contaminated water systems. We investigated whether stagnant water in communal faucet U-trap pipes at our center serves as a microbial reservoir. To identify whether opportunistic pathogens colonize communal faucets, we developed a conventional culturing technique for identification of organisms such as P. aeruginosa. We hypothesize that standing water in hospital settings is a potential source of hospital-acquired infections for opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. Methods: Stagnant water samples were collected using a rechargeable Pipetman from communal faucet U-trap pipes at our center and amplified in Luria Broth enrichment media before plating onto selective Pseudomonas Isolation Agar (PIA). Presumptive Pseudomonas spp. were identified by growth on PIA and confirmed via MALDI-TOF. Results: Stagnant water samples were collected from 4 communal faucets. We aspirated 5mL of standing water and inoculated with enrichment broth. Microbes were recovered from all 18 samples, with P. aeruginosa detected in 11 samples from two faucets. Citrobacter spp. and Serratia spp. were also recovered in 3 samples from a separate sink. Conclusions: Identification of P. aeruginosa in communal faucet U-traps highlights potential of stagnant water as reservoirs for hospital-acquired opportunistic pathogens. Despite the presence of Triclosan, a common antibiotic in soaps, microbial growth was observed on PIA, warranting further investigations on antimicrobial resistance among faucet-derived microbes. Given reports of contaminated water systems leading to sporadic outbreaks of Legionnaires’ Disease, we are developing a conventional culture method for detection of Legionella spp.

Poster 81

Matthew Park (Psychology)
Natalie Curtis
Mentors: Susan Lutgendorf, Sharaf Zia
Exploring the Learned Skills, Experiences, and Psychological Well-Being of Ovarian Cancer Survivors Through Qualitative Analysis of a Group-Based Intervention

Abstract: Ovarian cancer survivors often experience ongoing psychological distress, anxiety, depression, fear of recurrence, and challenges adjusting to life after treatment. These concerns can significantly affect their emotional well-being and overall quality of life. The Living Well Study is a randomized clinical trial comparing two web-based group interventions, Mindful Living and Healthy Lifestyles, designed to support ovarian cancer survivors. Mindful Living focuses on stress management and psychological coping strategies, while Healthy Lifestyles provides education on health and survivorship. As part of this study, we have conducted a qualitative analysis of Mindful Living group-session transcripts to better understand survivors' personal experiences and psychological well-being. Through thematic coding, we explore recurring patterns and themes stemming from emotional challenges, coping strategies, personal growth, and perceived changes throughout the intervention. This analysis aims to provide a deeper understanding of survivors' psychological needs and how group-based psychosocial support may contribute to their emotional well-being and quality of life and provide a skill set to help them in survivorship. We also seek to understand which aspects of the intervention participants describe as meaningful or helpful in managing the challenges of cancer survivorship. Overarching themes include the importance of coping strategies, gratitude, social support, and stress management. These insights may help inform future psychosocial interventions that better address the needs of ovarian cancer survivors.

Poster 82

Constelle Votio (Health Studies)
Mentor: Raji Shyam
Proteasome Inhibition Alters Cytoskeletal Components in Corneal Endothelial Cells

Abstract: FECD is a blinding disease that affects the corneal endothelium. This condition affects 4% of Americans over 40, yet there is no cure. We recently discovered that reduced proteasome function can result in the major cellular dysfunctions associated with FECD. Cytoskeletal disruptions are present in FECD, yet the cause is unknown. In this project, we studied how cytoskeletal components and cell adhesion are affected in primary corneal endothelial cells as a result of proteasome inhibition. MG-132 is a known proteasomal inhibitor that blocks the catalytic subunits of the 20S core particle of the 26S proteasome in cells. This leads to an accumulation of misfolded proteins, which induces cell stress and death. ​Using primary corneal endothelial cells, we evaluated how MG132 treatment affects cytoskeletal components. Our data show significant changes in the following markers: actin, phospho-myosin, vinculin, and talin. Future studies will evaluate the mechanisms behind these changes.

Poster 84

Meredith LeFevre (Physics, Astronomy)
Mentor: Dustin Swarm
Classifying Galactic Center Sources Through X-ray Time-Domain Analysis

Abstract: Thousands of X-ray point sources in the Galactic Center (GC) have spectra resembling cataclysmic variables (CVs). These binary systems contain a low mass main sequence star and a compact stellar remnant known as a white dwarf (WD). The star and WD orbit closely, allowing the WD to accrete material from the star. The accreted gas is heated and emits X-rays as it settles onto the WD. The maximum gas temperature depends on WD mass; however, mass estimates depend on assumptions about WD accretion geometry. Magnetic WDs (mCVs) have higher efficiency accretion, heating gas to higher temperatures than non-magnetic WDs (non-mCVs) of the same mass. Spectral features are similar across both scenarios, making it difficult to differentiate mCVs from non-mCVs based on spectra alone. This leads to mass estimates for GC sources suggesting unusually light WDs that are difficult to explain through stellar and Galactic evolutionary processes. To break the spectral degeneracy, we are conducting an X-ray light curve analysis of 34 sources near the GC. Regular X-ray luminosity variations associated with WD spin and orbital periods are characteristic of mCVs, whereas non-mCVs typically exhibit variations associated with the orbital period alone. Following data retrieval and calibration, we extract photometric data for each source, apply barycentric corrections for Earth's and spacecraft's motion, and generate energy-resolved light curves. Here, we present progress on extracting and combining light curves from multiple observations. We will search these light curves for periodic variability to identify potential mCVs and constrain WD properties in the GC.

Poster 85

Jessie Li (Neuroscience)
Mentor: Hans-Joachim Lehmler
Quantification of PCBs in the Ileum of WT and APP/PS1 Adult Female Mice Orally Exposed to a PCB Mixture

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) found in air, water, and soil. Their chemical stability allows them to bioaccumulate in living organisms. In humans, PCB exposure has been linked to neurotoxicity. Because the primary route of PCB exposure is dietary, ingested congeners first encounter the gut microbiota before absorption, metabolism, and distribution to the brain, implicating the gut–liver–brain axis as a pathway through which environmental PCBs may influence neurodegeneration. PCBs have been detected in post-mortem human brain tissues, and epidemiological studies suggest an association between organochlorine exposure and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. As part of a larger study examining the effects of PCB exposure on the gut–liver–brain axis in APP/PS1 mice, a transgenic model of amyloid-β deposition and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology, we tested the hypothesis that APP/PS1 mice exhibit altered intestinal PCB distribution compared with wild-type (WT) mice after exposure to a human-relevant PCB (HR-PCB) mixture. Briefly, adult female APP/PS1 C57BL/6J mice and their WT littermates were orally exposed to the HR-PCB mixture via peanut butter/oil (6 mg/kg/day) for seven consecutive weeks following two weeks of acclimation. After exposure, intestines were collected, intestinal contents were flushed from the tissue, and PCBs were extracted. Preliminary data indicates that an AD-associated genotype has minimal effects on PCB accumulation and PCB homolog distribution in the ileum following oral exposure to the HR-PCB mixture. Analyses of additional gastrointestinal tract regions are ongoing and will determine whether genotype-dependent differences in PCB dispositions occur elsewhere.

Poster 86

Macy Martig (Psychology, Counseling and Behavioral Health Services)
Mentor: Susan Lutgendorf
Is spirituality an important factor for ovarian cancer patients participating in a psychosocial intervention?

Abstract: Spirituality is an important part of the lives of many ovarian cancer survivors and has been related to better quality of life (QOL) and less depression. Interventions with spiritual components have been shown to increase QOL. Little is known about the role of spirituality in psychosocial/lifestyle interventions. We examined associations of spirituality with demographic and clinical variables and outcome levels of cancer worry, depression, and QOL during a psychosocial/lifestyle intervention for ovarian cancer survivors. We hypothesized that greater increases in participant spirituality during the intervention would be related to decreased cancer worry and depression and increased QOL. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed data from the Living Well study, which randomized 259 participants to two online group-based interventions: Mindful Living and Healthy Lifestyles. At study entry, independent of group, older survivors reported higher levels of spirituality than younger survivors (p=0.051). Survivors diagnosed with advanced-stage ovarian cancer had significantly greater increases in spirituality during the intervention compared to those with early-stage ovarian cancer (p=.006). Adjusting for age and stage, there were no significant relationships between changes in participant spirituality and outcome variables at baseline or change over time. These results suggest that those diagnosed with more advanced ovarian cancer may be more likely to experience changes in spirituality during a psychosocial or lifestyle intervention. However, overall changes in spirituality did not have strong associations with cancer worry, depression, or QOL. Because the sample was relatively well-educated, urban, and affluent, these findings should be replicated in a broader sample in the future.

Poster 87

Alec Melendez (Electrical Engineering, Applied Physics)
Mentor: Fatima Toor
Mid-Infrared QCL Cavity-Based Sensor for Trace-Level N2O Detection

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions have been the focus of environmental efforts to stop climate change. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is the third most potent greenhouse gas with 300 times the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of carbon dioxide. Moreover, nitrous oxide emissions have been steadily increasing in concentration making the need to monitor emissions more apparent. However, there are few commercial options available and even fewer that are affordable. Thus, there is a need to develop a cost-effective option. While there are nanostructure and photoacoustic sensors, these options tend to be expensive and not energy efficient. From the HITRAN website, nitrous oxide has absorption wavelength of approximately 4.55 microns. This could be achieved with a quantum cascade laser (QCL) which can be specified to be non-dispersive infrared (NDIR). A cavity could be developed to ensure that the light from the QCL only interacts with the target gas. A 3D printed cavity would be a cost-effective option that could be repeated with different materials and reflective paint. We demonstrate that we can see visible decrease in voltage from our NDIR QCL cavity-based sensor, optical beam path length for our sensor, and the change in reflectivity from different cavity conditions.

Poster 88

Noelle Michael (Biology, Dance)
Mentors: Bin He, Jessica Miller
Phenotypic Growth Patterns Vary within and between Strains of Human Opportunistic Pathogenic Yeast Species Candida glabrata in Different pH Environments

Abstract: Candida glabrata is a common opportunistic human fungal pathogen. Key to the survival and virulence of C. glabrata in the host is its ability to adapt to and thrive in a range of host-associated environments. C. glabrata has been isolated from a variety of host niches with pH ranging from ~4 to 8. Current studies on pH adaptation are limited and largely based on a single reference strain of C.glabrata. In this study, we characterized the growth kinetics of 17 C. glabrata strains under a range of physiologically relevant pH from 4.5 to 8. Studies have shown C.glabrata’s ability to acidify the host aids in its fitness. Analyses of the growth curves revealed strain-specific growth responses to pH, suggesting that the previous conclusion of the species favoring acidic condition can not be associated to all strains of the species. We have found that strains show significant variation in their ability to grow and to acidify their environment. Additionally, we have found that intra-strain variation of growth response is modified based on the pH it was exposed to before growth was measured. Our results show the importance of evaluating multiple strains with diverse genetic backgrounds to obtain generalizable properties for a pathogenic species. We aim to use these results to relate the relevance of growth potential at different pH in survival and virulence in the host, and use targeted genome sequencing to uncover the genetic basis for pH sensitivity and preference across C. glabrata strains.

Poster 89

Saina Narsian (Neuroscience)
Mentor: Gordon Buchanan
Optogenetic Stimulation of the DRN Terminals in PBel Impacts Seizure Mortality

Abstract: One in 26 people will be diagnosed with epilepsy in their lifetime, and roughly 30% of those individuals will experience refractory epilepsy. This condition significantly increases the risk for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP frequently follows generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which can disrupt the neural networks in the brainstem that regulate arousal. Serotonin (5-HT) neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) have been implicated in the response to and recovery from seizures. Additionally, the parabrachial nucleus is key in integrating sensory information, arousal, and provides circuitry that can influence DRN activity. Therefore, we predict that providing optogenetic stimulation to the external lateral parabrachial nucleus (PBel) neurons innervated by the DRN before a seizure will increase postictal survival. To explore this, a channelrhodopsin virus (AAV-ChR2) was injected into the DRN of Pet1-Cre mice, and an optical cannula was implanted in the PBel along with EEG/EMG headmounts. Following a four-week recovery and habituation period, mice received five minutes of optogenetic stimulation of PBel neurons before a 50-mA maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure was triggered. Postmortem tissue analysis was conducted following perfusion to verify correct optical cannula placement and confirm viral expression within the DRN and PBel. EEG/EMG and video recordings were used to assess seizure duration, severity, and the duration of postictal generalized electroencephalographic suppression (PGES) to evaluate the effects of stimulation on postictal recovery and survival. We anticipate that optogenetic stimulation will improve postictal survival, while EEG/EMG and video analyses will further reveal its effects on seizure characteristics and recovery.

Poster 90

Claire Opdahl (Psychology, Counseling and Behavioral Health Services)
Mentors: Isaac Petersen, Megan Schumer
Examining the Effects of Multilingualism on Children's Inhibitory Control and Cognitive Flexibility

Abstract: Inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility are two domains of executive function (EF) that contribute to self-regulation and have been linked to children’s academic, social, and problem-solving outcomes. Multilingualism has been proposed as a potential factor in EF development. Yet, findings regarding the effects of multilingualism on EF remain mixed. These associations were examined using data from 227 children recruited from Iowa City, Iowa. 40 of these children were reported as speaking more than one language. Composite scores for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility were calculated using behavioral tasks and parent-reported surveys. Results indicated that speaking more than one language during childhood was significantly associated with greater cognitive flexibility (β =0.701, p = .04) but not associated with inhibitory control (β =-0.005, p =.97 ). These findings suggest that multilingualism may be differentially associated with specific EF components, highlighting the importance of examining EF skills separately, rather than assuming multilingualism is uniformly associated with stronger EF. Future research should prioritize precise, longitudinal investigations of how multilingualism in childhood relates to specific EF components, under which conditions, and for which populations

Poster 91

Nina Osborne (Geographical and Sustainability Science, Environmental Policy)
Mentor: Susan Meerdink
Linking Leaf Spectra to Photosynthetic Capacity and Climate Stress Responses in Bur Oak

Abstract: Human activity has increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, resulting in increased air temperature and precipitation variability in many regions. These changes in Earth’s climate will have complex effects on forests, but traditional methods of collecting plant traits that would quantify these effects are expensive and time-consuming. Using relationships derived between hyperspectral signatures and laboratory-measured leaf traits can decrease processing time through faster analytical speed and minimal sample preparation. Over 10 weeks, 48 Quercus macrocarpa (Bur oak) saplings were grown under a factorial temperature (ambient, +3 C, +6 C) and carbon dioxide (425ppm, 800ppm) treatments. Weekly hyperspectral reflectance (400 – 2500 nm), maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were measured, and partial least squares regression (PLSR) was developed to use spectra for predicting photosynthetic capacity parameters. This work establishes a foundation for new knowledge on Bur oak responses to climate change and detectability of those responses via spectroscopy, which can be leveraged for new and emerging hyperspectral satellite missions.

Poster 92

Anna Sanderson (Neuroscience)
Mentors: Greta Sokoloff, Taylor Christiansen
Development of Independent Digit Twitches From Infancy to Toddlerhood

Abstract: As infants develop there are changes in waking life that we can identify, crawling, walking, holding a pencil, the list goes on. As motor skills emerge, can we see changes in twitching, like patterning, that predict the impending change? This project looked at the development of finger and toe twitches as infants age. I investigated the patterning of individual and multiple digit twitches as a proxy for fine motor development that is required for things like object manipulation. Utilizing previously collected data to identify the specific fingers and toes that comprise twitches and then novel statistical methods were used to interpret findings.

Poster 93

Sophia Schnoebelen (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Donna Santillan
Misconceptions of Oral Health During Pregnancy Continued

Abstract: The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of prenatal care and oral healthcare providers throughout the state of Iowa regarding oral health care during pregnancy. Due to the dental and obstetrical care deserts in Iowa, it is vital to understand the barriers to care that pregnant patients face. Dental and prenatal providers across Iowa were surveyed through REDCap to assess misconceptions about oral health during pregnancy. This study includes 102 prenatal and 103 oral healthcare providers. In the near future, our research will include surveys to understand the knowledge of pregnant patients. Unfavorable oral health related beliefs are tied with avoidance of dental care and oral treatment in pregnant women. A 2013 national survey of dental school deans and Obstetrics & Gynecology (OBGYN) residency directors indicated that over 90% of dental schools provide prenatal oral health education whereas less than 40% of OBGYN residencies include this education in their curriculum.

Poster 94

William Simonson (History)
Haley Mott
Mentor: Brian Lai
The Effects of Financial, Material Challenges, and Public Opinion on the Nuclear Industry

Abstract: Research looked at the major factors that influenced the adoption of nuclear power globally, mainly the financial state of a nation, challenges gathering materials for construction and running operations, and how public opinion may have shifted the adoption of nuclear power.

Poster 95

Kenna Skinner (Biomedical Sciences)
Mentors: Hanna Stevens, Michelle Chen
Effects of Adolescent Insecticide Exposure on Dopamine Transporter (DAT) Density Across Brain Regions in Mice

Abstract: Epidemiological studies in Egyptian adolescent agricultural workers link occupational exposure to the insecticides chlorpyrifos and α-cypermethrin with persistent cognitive-motor deficits and increased ADHD symptoms, but whether insecticides directly cause symptoms remains unclear. To investigate this link and potential underlying mechanisms, we established an adolescent mouse model using dermal exposure to the insecticides chlorpyrifos and α-cypermethrin (PND 49–55, n=12/group) to examine the potential long-term effects of exposure on the brain. Our study focused on the Dopamine Transporter (DAT), a protein that regulates dopamine reuptake between brain cells, which is also a known target of ADHD medications. We optimized a two-day Avidin-Biotin Complex (ABC-DAB) Immunohistochemistry protocol on 50 um coronal brain sections to measure DAT density across five dopaminergic regions: the Dorsal Striatum, Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) Core, NAcc Shell, Substantia Nigra, and Ventral Tegmental Area. These regions were selected because they are key parts of the brain's dopamine system, including cell bodies of dopamine-producing neurons and synaptic terminals where they release dopamine to communicate with other cells. Two-Way ANOVA results revealed no statistically significant main or interaction effects of chlorpyrifos or α-cypermethrin across any region (p > 0.20). There was a trending main α-cypermethrin effect in the dorsal striatum (p=0.08). These findings suggest that insecticide-related behavioral changes do not change overall DAT protein levels, though it is possible that insecticides may change how DAT functions, how it moves to the cell surface, or how dopamine receptors respond.

Poster 96

Daniel Smith (Biology)
Mentors: Bin He, Baylee Bruce
Variation of Acid Phosphatase Production In Opportunistic Human Fungal Pathogen Candida Glabrata

Abstract: Nakaseomyces glabratus, also known as Candida glabrata, is an opportunistic fungal pathogen. Candida species are the most commonly isolated invasive human fungal pathogens, and amongst these species Candida glabrata is the second most commonly isolated one associated with invasive candidiasis. Fungal pathogens must adapt to and overcome a variety of environmental stressors whilst invading a host, such as attack or engulfment from host immune cells, increased temperature, varying pH, and reduced nutrient availability. One limited nutrient is phosphorus, which is a crucial element in a variety of components of the cell. Our lab showed that C. glabrata exhibit classic phosphate starvation response after being engulfed by macrophage cells, suggesting that they experience phosphate limitation when encountering host immune cells. It has previously been shown that there is high levels of genetic diversity between C. Glabrata clades. This results in clinical isolates of C. glabrata differing in clinical phenotypes. Understanding how and where these differences arise from could provide insight to the development of new clinical strategies. The primary goal of this research is to examine the production of acid phosphatases, which are secreted enzymes that cleaves inorganic phosphate from its substrate. These allow the cell to be able to grow in environments where there is limited access to inorganic phosphate, and their production is a downstream effect of C. glabrata undergoing a phosphate starvation response. We will show results quantifying this production in order to better understand the variation in C. glabrata strains in regards to nutrient acquisition strategies.

Poster 97

Alex Steffen (Biology)
Mentor: Anna Dabrowski
Differences in Inhibitory Synapse Formation onto Parvalbumin Interneurons in Scn1a+/- Mice

Abstract: Drug-resistant pediatric epilepsy is associated with refractory seizures and cognitive comorbidities. There is a need to better understand underlying brain pathology with a goal of finding novel therapeutic targets. Dravet syndrome is a severe form of epilepsy with severe seizures and cognitive comorbidities caused by mutations in the SCN1A gene. Dravet syndrome can be modeled in mice by deleting one copy of the Scn1a gene (Scn1a+/-). Scn1a encodes NaV1.1, a voltage-gated sodium channel, and Scn1a+/- mice demonstrate decreased activity in parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs). In this study, we investigate the changes in neocortical synapses (the connections between neurons) that are affected by Scn1a haploinsufficiency. PV-IN connections to excitatory neurons are decreased in Scn1a+/- mice, but the connections of PV-INs onto other PV-INs is understudied. We hypothesized there would be a decrease in PV-IN to PV-IN synapses, but instead found a paradoxical increase in PV-IN presynaptic bouton size onto PV-INs. This suggests a rearrangement in synaptic connectivity in the brains of Dravet syndrome mice that may lead to increased seizure susceptibility or other comorbidities. Next steps include a detailed analysis of other synapse types onto PV-INs and investigation of the effect of seizures on PV-IN synapse development.

Poster 98

Abby Stohs (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Brandon Schickling
Examining the Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Human Trophoblasts

Abstract: Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a synthetic chemical in the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family that has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including effects on placental development. This study investigates the impact of PFOS on human trophoblast (HTR8) cells, which play a critical role in embryo implantation and placenta formation by facilitating nutrient and gas exchange. In pregnancy, PFAS exposure is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. Impaired trophoblast migration may contribute to these complications by disrupting placental development. We hypothesized that PFOS exposure would reduce both cell migration and proliferation in HTR8 cells. To test this, we used wound healing assays and cell counting to evaluate cell behavior. Microscopic images were taken at 0, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment to assess migration. PFOS was administered at 0.1nM, 0.2nM and 1nM. Our results showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell migration with increasing PFOS concentrations. Preliminary cell count data suggest a similar trend, with fewer cells present at higher PFOS levels.

Poster 99

Mia Zdionica (Health Studies)
Mentors: Martine Dunnwald, Lindsey Rhea
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (Irf6) Affects Keratin 5 and Keratin 6 Expression During Palatogenesis

Abstract: The oral epithelium originates from the embryonic ectoderm, forming basal and periderm cells. The periderm is superficial to developing epithelia and sheds before birth. Few proteins have been identified as periderm markers, including Keratin 6 (K6), while Keratin 5 (K5) is a marker of basal cells. Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (Irf6) is a transcription factor essential for orofacial development. In mice, Irf6 loss leads to epithelial adhesions. Conflicting findings on periderm markers in Irf6-null embryos led us to question periderm presence and whether its function is impaired. By examining K5 and K6 expression to characterize the periderm, we hypothesize that the loss of Irf6 will reduce their expression in the palatal shelves. Wild-type and Irf6-null embryos of embryonic (E) days 12.5-17.5 were fixed in paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, and heads sectioned coronally. Sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence and imaged using confocal microscopy. Three embryos per genotype were analyzed at each time point. In wild-type embryos, K5 expression began at E12.5 followed by K6 at E13.5. Both keratins showed expression in the superficial layer that decreased by E17.5, when the periderm sheds. Overlapping expression suggests K5 as a potential periderm marker. In Irf6-null embryos, K5 and K6 onset followed the same temporal pattern as the wild-type embryos (E12.5 and E13.5), however expression persisted at adhesion sites through E17.5. K6 expression at epithelial adhesion sites support periderm cell presence, while K5 expression beyond the basal layer indicates altered epithelia in Irf6-null embryos. Irf6 loss may impair periderm function during palatogenesis.

5:30–6:20 p.m.

Poster 100

Riley Asselin (Biochemistry)
Mentors: Steven Offer, Lauryn Hahn
Quantifying the Effects of DPYD variant Y186C on Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Enzymatic Activity

Abstract: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by DPYD) exists as a dimer and metabolizes 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic drug. Genetic variants in DPYD can reduce DPD activity, leading to varying degrees of toxicity in carriers who undergo 5-FU treatment. Characterizing how DPYD variants drive DPD deficiency and 5-FU toxicity supports pre-treatment genetic screening, which identifies at-risk patients and guides dose adjustments for safer, more effective therapy. One variant, Y186C, is specific to individuals with African ancestry. Heterozygous carriers of Y186C exhibit nearly 50% reduced DPD activity, while the impact of this variant in homozygous carriers is unknown. However, recombinant expression systems, which mimic homozygous expression, show a less severe impact than expected based on heterozygous-carrier data. We therefore hypothesize that Y186C acts in a dominant-negative manner. To test this, I will generate plasmids to model Y186C in cis and trans using a bicistronic vector with two multiple cloning sites (MCSs) and distinct fluorescent markers. Recombinant DPD isoforms will be expressed in diploid states by transient transfection in human cell lines, and 5-FU sensitivity will be monitored using standardized methods developed in our lab. We expect reduced DPD activity in both the Y186C homodimer and heterodimeric states (relative to the wild-type homodimer), with the heterodimer exhibiting the greatest change. Consequently, cells expressing the heterodimer will demonstrate increased 5-FU sensitivity. These studies will clarify the extent to which DPYD-Y186C affects DPD function and 5-FU sensitivity across homozygous and heterozygous genotypes, potentially informing more precise, individualized dose adjustments to reduce treatment-related toxicity in Y186C carriers.

Poster 101

Stephanie Carr (Biology)
Mentor: Ryan Boudreau
A Therapeutic Strategy for Enhancing Target Gene Expression Through Blockade of microRNA Binding Sites

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNA that repress gene expression by binding target mRNAs. Blocking these interactions offers a potential therapeutic strategy for disorders in which insufficient gene expression contributes to disease. Using our empirically defined miR:Ago2 interactome, we identified strong miR-binding sites in more than 40 therapeutically relevant genes. From this set, we selected pilot genes implicated in rare haploinsufficiency disorders or associated with worse outcomes in common disorders. To validate these miR-binding sites, we generated luciferase reporters containing the 3’UTR of each gene and assessed miR-mediated repression in cell-based systems. Mutations causing reduced FBN1 expression leads to Marfan Syndrome. We used luciferase assays and immunoblotting to validate a let-7 binding site in FBN1 and to identify a top ASO that blocks let-7 mediated repression. Reduced LDLR expression drives atherosclerosis. We validated a miR-30 binding site in LDLR and designed an ASO that increases LDLR expression. Then, we established miR-mediated repression and assessed whether our top miR-targeted ASOs can increase endogenous LDLR in HepG2 cells. Lastly, TFEB acts as a master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal function, therefore having increased TFEB levels may be broadly beneficial. We validated a miR-29 binding site in TFEB and developed an ASO that prevents miR-29-mediated repression. Together, these results provide proof-of-concept that ASO-based blockade of miR-mediated repression can enhance expression of therapeutically relevant genes, offering a potential new strategy for treating Marfan Syndrome, atherosclerosis, and lysosomal storage or metabolic disorders.

Poster 102

Eleanor Cooper-Ohm (Environmental Policy)
August Shoppa
Mentors: Elise Pizzi, Sara Mitchell
Disasters Migration and Violence Lab: Who Gets Help First? Exploring the Political and Economic Determinants of Post-Disaster Recovery Funding

Abstract: Natural disasters often create urgent needs that exceed available recovery resources, forcing governments and international donors to make difficult decisions about where aid and reconstruction funding will be allocated. While disaster impacts may be widespread, recovery investments are frequently distributed unevenly across affected regions. This study examines the factors that influence post-disaster funding decisions, focusing on whether governments and aid organizations prioritize economically important areas, major tourism destinations, densely populated communities, politically significant regions, or particularly vulnerable populations. Using a comparative dataset of natural disasters across multiple countries and disaster types, we will analyze the relationship between community characteristics and the allocation of recovery resources. Key variables will include economic significance, tourism dependence, urban-rural status, population size, pre-disaster development levels, disaster severity, and the presence of international aid. Funding outcomes will be measured through government recovery expenditures, reconstruction projects, and external assistance commitments. Looking at these variables across five economically diverse countries allows us to see broad trends in the allocation of funding. By comparing disaster impacts with funding outcomes, the study seeks to identify which communities are most likely to receive rapid and substantial recovery support and which may be overlooked during reconstruction efforts.

Poster 103

Adam Deters (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Santiago Ortega Gutierrez
Longer Time to Imaging Is Associated With More Favorable Hypoperfusion Profiles in Thrombectomy-Treated Stroke

Abstract: We aim to assess the associations between interhospital transfer and time from last known well to CT perfusion (LKW-to-CTP) with collateral circulation in ischemic stroke patients with anterior-circulation large-vessel-occlusions (LVO) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). We retrospectively analyzed a registry of patients who underwent EVT at UIHC from 2020 onward. Eligible patients had anterior-circulation LVOs, CTP performed at University of Iowa Healthcare (UIHC), documented transfer status, and complete clinical and imaging data. The hypoperfusion intensity ratio (HIR), defined as the ratio of tissue volumes with Tmax >10 seconds to Tmax >6 seconds, was used as a surrogate for collateral status. Favorable HIR was defined as <0.4. Associations between transfer status and LKW-to-CTP time with dichotomized and continuous HIR were evaluated using regression models adjusted for age, sex, intravenous thrombolysis, baseline NIHSS and ASPECTS scores, and witnessed symptom onset. Of 906 patients screened, 429 fulfilled the study criteria and were included in the analysis; 197 (45.9%) were women, median NIHSS score was 14, and 327 (76.2%) were interhospital transfers. Among anterior-circulation LVO patients undergoing EVT, interhospital transfer was not significantly associated with HIR, whereas longer LKW-to-CTP time was associated with lower HIR. The seemingly paradoxical association between LKW-to-CTP time and HIR may reflect time-dependent selection for favorable ischemic physiology, as rapidly progressing infarcts may be less likely to undergo EVT with increasing delays, enriching later-imaged cohorts with slow-progressing phenotypes.

Poster 104

Erin Detlefsen (English, Political Science)
Reuben Leveridge
Mentors: Elise Pizzi, Sara Mitchell
Disasters, Migration, and Violence: Rhetoric and Action

Abstract: We examine how government rhetoric correlates with its response to natural disasters in a variety of countries. Our lab's research will help predict government behavior in the immediate aftermath of natural disasters and the impact of this behavior on the onset of civil war.

Poster 105

Marisa DiGiacomo (Neuroscience)
Mentors: Gordon Buchanan, Matthew Summerfield
Assessment of Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neuronal Activity and Postictal Behavior Characteristics Following Generalized Tonic Clonic Seizures

Abstract: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous recurring seizures, with approximately one-third of patients experiencing drug-resistant epilepsy, increasing their risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). The underlying mechanism for SUDEP is ultimately unknown, cardiorespiratory dysfunction and impaired arousal are thought to contribute. Serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) play a critical role in the CO2 arousal response. How seizures impact DRN5-HT activity remains unclear. Postictal immobility may increase the risk of SUDEP by delaying an individual’s ability to reposition themselves, particularly when found in the prone position. To test this, Pet1::GCaMP6s mice, which express a fluorescent calcium indicator in 5-HT neurons were implanted with EEG/EMG electrodes, a fiber photometry cannula targeting the DRN, and a bipolar electrode in the amygdala. Fiber photometry recorded calcium dynamics as a proxy for DRN5-HT activity. Postictal behaviors were examined using video recordings. Latencies to first twitch, unilateral paw movement, and body movement were recorded to evaluate postictal immobility under different gas conditions. DRN5-HT neuronal activity diminished during the postictal period regardless of postictal gas condition, indicating impaired chemosensitivity following seizures. Postictal behavior latencies demonstrated no significant differences between gas conditions. Suggesting that elevated CO2 did not promote behavioral recovery following seizures. These findings demonstrate that DRN5-HT neurons enter a refractory state after seizures, with reduced responsiveness to CO2. The prolonged immobility during CO2 exposure highlights repositioning impairment postictally. The potential relationship between reduced DRN5-HT activity and impaired motor recovery provide additional insight into potential mechanisms increasing SUDEP risk.

Poster 106

Elizabeth Doty (Neuroscience)
Cooper Wadle
Mentors: Maurine Neiman, Varshu Saravanakumar
Investigating the relationship between variation in rDNA copy number and life history traits

Abstract: Asexual lineages experience little to no recombination relative to sexual counterparts, a feature of their biology that is often assumed to explain why these lineages are not more widely successful. We here evaluate whether structural variation in copy number of an important class of genes, rDNA, that does not rely on recombination could generate meaningful and heritable phenotypic variation. We leverage striking across-asexual lineage variation in rDNA copy number in the New Zealand freshwater snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum to ask whether these differences in rDNA copy numbers are (1) associated with rDNA gene expression levels, and (2) variation in life-history traits known to be linked to rDNA abundance like individual growth rate and time to reproductive maturity. We will be quantifying ribosomal DNA transcriptional output with Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) to measure rRNA abundance across a diverse range of asexual P. antipodarum lineages that vary as much as sixfold in rDNA copy number. These expression data will be paired with growth rate and age at maturity estimates from each lineage to evaluate potential relationships between genomic variation and fitness-related traits. Together, these data will provide information relevant to understanding the generation and maintenance of genomic variation in the absence of sex, with potential relevance to the maintenance of sex in nature.

Poster 107

Karim Eldadah (Global Health Studies)
Mentor: Gary Pierce
Acute Increase in Sympathetic Nerve Activity is Associated with Different Large Central Artery Stiffness Responses in Adults with and Without Hypertension

Abstract: Increased central artery stiffness is associated with higher systolic blood pressure, contributing to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease with aging. Acute increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the absence of changes in blood pressure (BP) are associated with increased central artery stiffness in adults without hypertension. However, it is unknown if acute increase in SNA results in changes in large central artery stiffness in adults with hypertension. We examined whether lower body negative pressure (LBNP)-induced elevations in SNA increase aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, cfPWV) and carotid compliance (CC) in normotensive young (N-YG, n=15, age=19–43 yrs), normotensive middle-aged/older (N-MA/O, n=13, age=46–73 yrs), and hypertensive middle-aged/older (H-MA/O, n=25, age=45–84 yrs) adults. As previously reported, LBNP causes significant increases in cfPWV among N-YG (+21%, p<0.001) and N-MA/O (+12%, n=12, p=0.007), and decreases in calculated CC among N-YG (-18%, p<0.001), but not in N-MA/O (+5.6%, n=13, p=0.75) suggesting lack of responsiveness of carotid arteries in MA/O. In contrast, cfPWV did not significantly change in H-MA/O (+2.9%, n=16, p=0.78) but CC decreases in H-MA/O (-11%, n=24, p=0.023) to LBNP, suggesting divergent effects with hypertension present. Although average BP did not change during LBNP, individual changes in cfPWV were correlated with changes in mean arterial pressure only in H-MA/O (n=13, p=0.032). These findings indicate acute increases in SNA differently affect aortic vs carotid stiffness among normotensive and hypertensive adults, and acute changes in aortic stiffness may be explained partially by changes in MAP in the presence of hypertension.

Poster 108

Seth Frerking (Biomedical Engineering)
Mentors: Geb Thomas, Steven Long
Technical Accuracy and Face Validity of a Simulated-Fluoroscopy Scaphoid Pinning Trainer

Abstract: This simulated-fluoroscopy scaphoid pinning trainer seeks to help residents develop critical surgical skills. The Scaphoid Pinning Trainer serves as a module to the CROWNS orthopedic simulator. Users drill into the 3D printed model and place a Kirschner wire. Once placed, residents may activate the two cameras inside the base of the simulator to reconstruct the wire digitally, safely recreating traditional fluoroscopic imaging. K-wire placement is a critical surgical skill during scaphoid fixation procedures to maintain fracture reduction and promote healing. At the beginning of this operation the hand can be imaged from multiple angles. However, to gain appropriate access to the scaphoid for this operation the wrist must be bent forward. This bending reduces image visibility, placing a high demand on surgical skill and reliance on anatomical cues for K-wire placement. This trainer seeks to provide training opportunities for this difficult procedure. This work is a verification of the trainer’s ability to meet the precision and accuracy, and realism needs of the procedure. K-wire relative accuracy ranged between 0.35 and 0.55 mm, worsening with depth. At a shallow insertion depth, absolute tip-position error was 0.62 mm on average, with a root mean squared error of 0.67 mm. Deeper insertion performance is under further investigation. This trainer’s face validity has been assessed favorably using quantitative and qualitative feedback from four faculty surgeons. These results help establish a foundation for the technical accuracy and face validity of this trainer.

Poster 109

Logan Frye (Microbiology)
Mentor: Filiz Korkmaz
Tissue-Specific Immune Regulation in Macrophages via LOX-1

Abstract: Macrophages exhibit tissue-specific differences in their inflammatory potential that likely regulate inflammatory conditions, such as pneumonia, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous work showed that LOX-1 is mainly expressed on lung macrophages, possibly contributing to a lung-specific immune profile. As such, we assessed LOX-1-dependent and independent mechanisms of immune regulation across four murine macrophage-derived cell lines: MH S (lung), bone marrow-derived (BMDMs), I 13 (splenic), and EOC (microglia). Cells were stimulated with oxidized LDL (oxLDL), Poly(I:C), LPS, HMGB1, or PBS, and IL-6, CXCL2, and TNF-α secretion was quantified by ELISA at 24–48h. While LPS led to uniform activation of MH-S cells and BMDMs, oxLDL reduced BMDM secretion of CXCL2 and TNF-α. I-13 cells exhibited an opposing trend, and MH-S cells did not display immune suppression. HMGB1 treatment induced CXCL2 in BMDMs and MH-S cells, 1.44-fold and 3.57-fold, respectively, with similar trends in TNF-α, indicating DAMP-specific pathways between tissues. BMDMs exhibited minimal LOX-1 expression, whereas EOCs expressed LOX-1 akin to MH-S cells, supporting the hypothesis that LOX-1 limits excessive inflammation at sensitive tissue sites.

Poster 110

Andrew Geiger (Chemistry, Environmental Science)
Mentors: David Cwiertny, Drew Latta
Microstructural Characterization of Lead Leaching from “Lead-Free” Pipe Fittings

Abstract: Recently, work by our group at CHEEC has found that reverse osmosis (RO) treated water can lower the pH and cause pipe fittings to leach lead and other metal contaminants into the water. We observed elevated lead in reverse osmosis water purchased from pay-per-gallon water kiosks. We also found that commonly used pipe fittings deemed legally “lead-free” can still leach significant amounts of lead along with other metals such as copper and zinc found within the fittings. In the first part of this study, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the metals that leached from the various pipe fittings into water. After collecting RO water from pipe-fitting test rigs daily for over a month, the three fittings selected for further analysis leached over 5 ppb of lead, ranging up to 26 ppb. In addition to the lead, the fittings released averages ranging from 650 to 1,434 ppb of copper and 130 to 859 ppb of zinc. In the second part of this study, we build on the leaching data by using bulk elemental and microanalysis to further understand the connection that spatial distribution of lead and other elements has on metal leaching behavior. To do this, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was utilized for bulk analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was used for microanalysis. Microanalysis is essential because our previous work showed no clear correlation between the fittings’ lead content and their leaching behavior. The results obtained will allow us to further understand the mechanisms of lead leaching and will be very impactful in assessing metal leaching in both commercial water kiosks and, more broadly, in whole-home RO systems where retrofits to existing plumbing may be common.

Poster 111

Nora Gibson (Environmental Science)
Mentors: Keri Hornbuckle, Jessica Meyer
Suspect Screening of Volatile Organic Compounds in Air Above Two Midwestern Wastewater Treatment Plants

Abstract: Non-target and suspect screening analyses have recently emerged as powerful tools for identifying unknown or under-characterized environmental contaminants. While these methods have been widely applied to the aqueous and solid matrices in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), their application to the ambient air surrounding these facilities remains limited. WWTPs are important but understudied sources of gas-phase contaminants, as aeration, agitation, and biological treatment can volatilize organic compounds from the influent and release them directly to the atmosphere. Ambient air sampling at WWTPs consequently offers a unique opportunity to characterize emerging volatile contaminants from diverse urban and industrial sources within a single system. In this study, we pair high-volume air sampling with a novel suspect screening workflow to compare volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from two Midwestern WWTPs. Herein we describe the broad chemical fingerprint of each plant, highlight specific identifications of interest for their novelty or their human and environmental health implications, and present statistical comparisons of the features detected at both facilities. This work broadens the analytical scope of non-target and suspect screening techniques and improves our understanding of the volatile contaminants emitted during wastewater treatment.

Poster 112

Brooke Groezinger (Biology, Psychology)
Mentors: Jason Wilken, Kirsten Anderson
Effects of Carbon Fiber Custom Dynamic Orthosis Footplate Stiffness of Limb Powers Using Two Approaches

Abstract: Carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses (CDOs) are commonly used after lower limb trauma to support the injured limb, reduce pain, and alter gait mechanics. CDOs include a proximal cuff below the knee, a posterior spring, and a full-length footplate that functions as a lever arm to deflect the spring and alter foot loading. A stiffer footplate may act as a better lever arm resulting in more spring deflection, leading to greater ankle power absorption and generation. Ankle power is typically calculated using a 6-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) method based on contributions of the ankle. However, the unified deformable (UD) model accounts for contributions from all segments distal to the ankle, which may better represent the whole limb. This analysis was conducted to determine the effects of footplate stiffness, altered using carbon fiber insoles, on lower limb power during gait. Unimpaired individuals walked at a controlled speed without an orthosis and then in a CDO alone or with 1 and 2 additional carbon fiber insoles in a randomized order. UD and 6DOF peak ankle power absorption and generation were calculated for each condition. 6DOF ankle power absorption and generation significantly increased as footplate stiffness increased in CDO conditions, whereas peak UD absorption did not significantly change between conditions. Study results indicate that footplate stiffness may increase ankle power absorption and generation while walking. However, as examined using the UD approach, footplate stiffness may not affect the overall energetic return to the limb.

Poster 113

Nathan Hagedorn (Environmental Science)
Mentor: Jessica Meyer
High-Resolution Vertical Variability in Groundwater Geochemistry for Dakota Aquifer System Mudstones in Northwest Iowa

Abstract: The lowermost member of the Cretaceous Dakota Formation in northwest Iowa, the Nishnabotna Member, serves as the principal water supply aquifer within the system and is generally dominated by sandstone. Nonetheless, discontinuous mudstones occur within the Nishnabotna. The sandstone units are generally the focus of investigation, leaving the vertical variability in hydrogeologic properties of the mudstones poorly characterized. At a location in northwest Iowa, multiple complementary datasets were collected from a continuous core, the open borehole, and a Westbay multilevel system with 23 ports monitoring 56 m of bedrock. Observations from core and borehole geophysics show a sequence of paleosols, mudstones, and sandy mudstones making up the lower Dakota Formation. Groundwater was collected from each of the Westbay ports for analysis of major ions, transition metals, δ18O/δ2H, alkalinity, and field parameters (i.e., pH, oxidation-reduction potential, specific conductivity, and temperature) and from a subset of ports for tritium-helium and carbon-14 analyses. The eight head profiles collected over a 20 month period all show consistent variability in the magnitude and direction of the vertical gradient with depth with the largest (avg. = 0.6 m/m) vertical gradient occurring across the contact between a kaolinitic paleosol and an underlying diamict. Additionally, water production rates within the mudstones vary widely which may be associated with differences in fracture intensity. Currently, geochemical data is being used to characterize the vertical variability in water type, identify potential differences in recharge water, and assess changes in groundwater residence time.

Poster 114

Katherine Holzman (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Anna Stanhewicz
Sex- and Time-Dependent Inflammatory Response of Whole Blood to High Sodium

Abstract: Diets high in sodium are common in developed countries and increase risk for high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. High sodium consumption has been associated with chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized high-sodium treatment would induce an inflammatory response in whole blood samples collected from healthy, normotensive, young adults. Whole blood samples were collected via venipuncture, treated with 0mM (control), 25mM, or 50mM sodium chloride (NaCl), and incubated at 37°C/5%CO2 for 4 and 8 hours. Following incubation, plasma samples were collected and stored at –80°C until further analysis. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was assessed via ELISA to quantify inflammatory responses to NaCl. There was no effect of treatment on TNF-α concentrations at the 4-hour time point (all p>0.05). TNF-α concentrations were greater following 50mM NaCl treatment compared to control (control: 14.43±5.21pg/ml, [1.50, 27.37] vs. 50mM: 21.09±7.74pg/ml, [1.87, 40.30]; p=0.09) and 25mM NaCl (25mM: 12.77±5.85pg/ml, [-1.77, 27.30] vs. 50mM: 21.09±7.74pg/ml, [1.87, 40.30]; p=0.05) at the 8-hour time point. There was a significant effect of time on TNF-α concentrations in the control samples (4 hrs: 17.16±5.35pg/ml, [3.86, 30.46] vs. 8 hrs: 14.43±5.21pg/ml, [1.50, 27.37]; p=0.049) but not the treated samples (all p>0.05). These data suggest that inflammation may be a mechanism by which high sodium diets contribute to elevated cardiovascular disease risk in young adults.

Poster 115

Atiksh Hood (Biomedical Sciences)
Mentor: Sanjana Dayal
Examination of age-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex: Does Calorie restriction protect?

Abstract: Background: Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and loss in neuronal differentiation, which contributes to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Caloric restriction (CR) has emerged as an intervention to promote healthy aging and improve lifespan. However, its protective effects on brain health during aging are not yet completely understood. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of CR in aged mice by examining markers of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal integrity within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Methods: Young ad libitum (2-3 months), aged ad libitum (17-18 months), and aged CR (17-18 months) C57BL/6J mice were included in the study. Aged CR mice underwent a gradual calorie reduction to 30% below baseline calorie intake, which was maintained for six weeks prior to tissue harvesting. Brain tissues were collected in OCT, cryo-sectioned, and processed for immunofluorescent staining. Staining for i) nitrotyrosine (NT) was used to evaluate oxidative stress, ii) neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to evaluate neuroinflammation [by examining presence of double positive myeloperoxidase and citrullinated histone], and iii) NeuN (Neuronal nuclear antigen) to evaluate neuronal integrity. Fluorescence microscopy was used to image and compare staining patterns within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex across experimental groups. Results: Compared to young ad libitum, aged ad libitum mice showed increased NT staining in both the hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex, indicating higher levels of oxidative stress with age. Intervention with CR attenuated NT staining in aged mice relative to aged ad libitum mice, suggesting that CR limits age-associated oxidative stress in the brain. In contrast, NETs and NeuN staining did not show a significant difference between aged ad libitum and aged CR mice. However, examination of these markers was limited due to increased background staining in several groups for NETs and lack of NeuN staining in young ad libitum group. More careful standardization of methods is needed to make meaningful interpretation for neuroinflammation and neuronal integrity. Conclusion: These findings support the potential role of CR as a protective intervention to attenuate oxidative stress in brain of aged mice. Future studies should be designed to clarify the mechanisms through which CR protects from age-associated oxidative stress and whether CR intervention helps to promote healthy brain aging.

Poster 116

Chloe Keideth (Human Physiology)
Mentors: Diana Jalal, Kanokwan Bunsawat
Diabetes Is Independently Associated with Impaired Vascular Function in Individuals with Stage 3 CKD

Abstract: Diabetes remains the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both CKD and diabetes are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Still, diabetes remains an independent risk factor for CVD in CKD patients. Endothelial dysfunction is a mediator of CVD and noted in both diabetes and CKD. We hypothesized that in patients with CKD, those with diabetes will have significantly worse endothelial function than those without diabetes. We utilized data from a prior clinical trial where we evaluated if allopurinol improves endothelial function in 80 patients with stage 3 CKD and hyperuricemia. 48(61%) of the participants had diabetes. We compared clinical characteristics, measures of vascular function, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress between those with diabetes and without diabetes using non-parametric T-test. Endothelium-dependent dilation (EDD) was measured via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BA-FMD) and endothelium-independent dilation via nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD). We found that BA-FMD was significantly lower in diabetes vs no diabetes (mean (SD) BA-FMD 3.86 vs 6.23 %Δ, respectively, p=0.029). Similarly, NMD was significantly lower in diabetics vs non-diabetics (mean (SD) NMD 14.9(6.1) vs 24.1(11.0) %Δ, respectively, p=0.0002). There were no significant differences in age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, kidney function, or biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress between those with diabetes and without diabetes. Diabetes is independently associated with impaired EDD and EID in CKD. The exact mechanisms underlying these findings warrant further study.

Poster 117

Sarah Dockery-Jackson (Accounting, Entrepreneurship, 3D Design)
Mentor: Vakhtangi Darjania
Metal Furniture: An Exploration of Welding in Design

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to explore the medium of welding through the lens of furniture design. The aim of the project was to create a hand-welded metal stool which was both functional and interesting to look at. The research explored various forms of wood joinery as inspiration, investigating abstract forms and leading lines. My research into welded furniture is applicable to other areas of design and can be developed in new ways for future research projects. This independent research project helped me refine and explore my interests in 3D Design, allowed me to gain a deeper appreciation for the medium of welding, and gave me new insights which I will apply to future endeavors.

Poster 118

Esther Ekezie (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Moon Ley Tung
A Characterization of Genetic Testing Results and Variant Classification in a Clinical Patient Population

Abstract: Genetic testing has become an important tool in clinical diagnostics, allowing for identification of genetic variants associated with hereditary and de novo conditions through methods such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-exome sequencing (WES). Variants are classified according to their clinical significance, including pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variants of uncertain significance (VUS), likely benign, and benign. This study aims to characterize genetic testing results within a clinical patient population by examining frequently identified genes, variant classifications, and associated clinical diagnoses and phenotypes. A retrospective review of 115 patient charts was conducted, with genetic testing results available for 113 patients. Data collected included genetic testing methods, identified genes, variant classifications, and documented clinical diagnoses and phenotypes. BRCA2 was the most frequently identified gene, with 25 patients having an identified variant. Of the 113 patients, 18 underwent WES and 92 underwent targeted NGS panels, with the remaining patients represented in other testing categories. Forty-one patients with results from WES or NGS had at least one VUS, including 10 with multiple VUSs. Additionally, 24 patients had at least one negative genetic testing result. Thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and neutropenia were among the most frequently documented diagnoses among patients with multiple VUSs. Characterizing genetic testing results may help inform the interpretation of uncertain genetic findings in clinical practice. The frequency of VUSs identified in this population highlights the need for continued research into rare genetic variants and further efforts to clarify their clinical significance. Improved variant classification may ultimately support more informed genetic interpretation and diagnostic decision-making.

Poster 119

Rianne Eubanks (Biology)
Mentors: Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Hui Wang
Quantification of PCBs in the Liver of WT and APP/PS1 Adult Female Mice Exposed to a PCB Mixture

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that bioaccumulate in living organisms due to their chemical stability and lipophilicity. Dietary intake is the primary route of human exposure, with ingested PCBs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and transported to the liver for metabolism and distribution. PCB exposure has been associated with multisystem toxicity and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether AD-associated genotypes influence hepatic PCB disposition remains unknown. This study investigated hepatic PCB disposition in APP/PS1 mice, a transgenic model of AD, compared with wild-type (WT) littermates following exposure to a human-relevant PCB (HR-PCB) mixture. Adult female mice (n=8/group) received daily oral doses of 0 or 6 mg/kg body weight for seven weeks. Liver tissues were collected, and PCBs were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Using ¹³C-labeled surrogate standards, method blank recoveries ranged from 70–103%, while tissue sample recoveries ranged from 77–110%. Method detection limits across 173 individual or co-eluting PCB congeners ranged from 0.01–0.63 ng (n=7), and limits of detection ranged from 0.004–19.5 ng/g (n=16). Total hepatic PCB levels were slightly lower in exposed WT mice (16,900 ng/g, n=8) than in APP/PS1 mice (18,900 ng/g, n=8); however, total PCB levels did not differ significantly by genotype (t=0.367). These findings suggest that AD-associated genotype did not significantly alter hepatic PCB accumulation following oral exposure.

Poster 120

Emily Fox (Microbiology)
Mentor: Aimee Potter
Generating a fluorescent reporter plasmid for evaluating gene expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Abstract: Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) gonorrhea. Neutrophils are a key component of the innate immune response against N. gonorrhoeae (Gc). Gc can survive in neutrophil-rich environments, in part by consuming lactate released by neutrophils as a source of nutrients. Gc consumes lactate using lactate permease and metabolizes it using a set of four different lactate dehydrogenases. The goal of this study is to create a reporter system to study lactate permease and lactate dehydrogenase promoter activity in Gc during phagocytosis by neutrophils. To do this, we are replicating the induction of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Gc from plasmids constructed in Escherichia coli based off of collaborators in Dr. Joanna Hick’s lab at the University of Waikato (New Zealand). The modified replicate is being constructed via the services of TwistBioscience. As proof of concept for this system, we exposed a Gc strain constitutively expressing GFP from a plasmid (pGreen) to neutrophils. We were able to observe expression of GFP from the pGreen strain intracellular bacteria. From this, we conclude that a reporter system using GFP will likely be successful.

Poster 121

Kimberly Jackson (Physics)
Mentors: Allison Jaynes, Sanjay Chepuri
Associating Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Conditions with MMS Observations of Energetic Particle Injections During Bursty Bulk Flows

Abstract: Bursty bulk flows (BBFs) are fast ion flows $>$ 400 km/s related to magnetic reconnection and energetic particle injections, playing a key role in transporting energy, mass and magnetic flux. BBF events and any corresponding energetic electron injections found with NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission are used to examine whether several solar wind and geomagnetic conditions are associated with elevated injection rates. The parameters investigated include solar wind speed, a southward $B_z$ field, dynamic pressure, the auroral electrojet (AE) index, and the symmetric horizontal component (SYM-H) index. A total of 809 BBFs, of which 366 had injections present, were observed across 4 years: 2017, 2018, 2024 and 2025. The intended solar wind and geomagnetic parameters from OMNI were studied for the 10 minute interval preceding each BBF event. The observations confirm an association between an increase in injection events and solar wind speeds $>$ 500 km/s, interplanetary $B_z$ field $<$ 0 nT, a dynamic pressure $\leq$ 3 nPa, and an AE index $>$ 300 nT. Only 63 values were found when the SYM-H index $<$ -50 nT during BBF event times, leading to an uncertain association between geomagnetic storms and injection occurrences. The GSM coordinate positions of the found BBF events also reveal a visual trend of injection events skewing towards the dusk side, beginning around Y = 3 $R_e$.

Poster 122

Madison Kafka (Microbiology)
Mentor: Filiz Korkmaz
LOX-1-dependent regulation of Dectin-1 may result in differential susceptibility to fungal pneumonia.

Abstract: Rationale: Pneumonia is the leading cause of infection-related mortality worldwide. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the first line of defense against lung pathogens. LOX-1 and Dectin-1 are both C-type lectin receptors expressed by AMs. LOX-1 protects against inflammation while Dectin-1 elicits an immune response to fungal pathogens. Previous work showed that inhibition of LOX-1 results in Dectin-1 downregulation. Therefore, the goal of this project is to determine if LOX-1 regulates the response to fungal infection through receptor co-regulation. Methods: MH-S (AMs) cells were treated with oxLDL and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24h. Expression of LOX-1 and Dectin-1 were assessed by flow cytometry. MH-S and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with heat-killed Candida albicans for 6h, 24h, and 48h to assess receptor and cytokine expression by RT-qPCR. Results: Treatment of MH-S cells with oxLDL and LPS led to downregulation of both intra- and extracellular LOX-1 and Dectin-1. Inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1, CXCL-2, and TNF expression were measured in MH-S and BMDM cells post-HKCA showing a greater increase in BMDM cells compared to MH-S but still show low levels. However, LOX-1 and Dectin-1 are significantly induced in BMDMs following exposure to HKCA at the 6h time point. In MH-S cells, there is not a significant increase of LOX-1 or Dectin-1. Conclusion: While LOX-1 and Dectin-1 have well-established roles during lung infection, our data suggest that LOX-1 and Dectin-1 are co-regulated. Future work will determine the specific pathways that lead to LOX-1-dependent regulation of Dectin-1 in macrophages and subsequent response to fungi.

Poster 123

Meaghan Krier (Biology)
Mentor: Steven Offer
Identifying Downstream Enhancers of DPYD and role in Altered Sensitivity and Resistance to Fluoropyrimidine Chemotherapy

Abstract: Fluoropyrimidines including 5-flurouracil (5FU) and capecitabine are a primary treatment for colorectal cancer. However, ~30% of patients experience severe toxicity which can be fatal. Dihydropyridine dehydrogenase (DPD protein, DPYD gene) catabolizes eighty percent of 5FU and defines the circulating levels of the drug. Deleterious DPYD variants have been associated with a significantly increased risk of developing severe toxicity. Known variants that impair DPD function only explain about twenty percent of cases of severe toxicity. Previous work in our lab has demonstrated that differential expression of DPD can also contribute to 5-FU toxicity; however, the mechanisms through which DPD/DPYD expression is regulated remain poorly defined. The goal of this research is to identify and characterize cis enhancer regions for DPYD. To accomplish this, we first identified the consensus topologically associated domain (TADs) for DPYD using HiC data. Candidate enhancers were cloned into a luciferase reporter vector in conjunction with the DPYD promoter. Three regulatory regions located 901 kb (E+901), 611 kb (E+611), and 363 kb (E+363) were found to alter reporter expression. Our results suggest that these regions may can control DPYD expression by recruiting transcriptional repressors (E+901) and activators (E+363 and E+611). Subsequent studies using region-targeted CRISPR activation and inactivation will be used to complement this line of research. Our data illustrate the importance of considering regulatory mechanisms leading to sensitivity and resistance to fluoropyrimidines and could reveal more biomarkers of severe 5FU toxicity.

Poster 124

Alexi Michanicou (Physics, Astronomy)
Mentors: Allison Jaynes, Jodie McLennan
The Correlation of the Electron Energy Flux, the Luminosity, and the Structure of the Pulsating Aurora

Abstract: Pulsating aurora is a subclass of aurora identified by its very faint appearance and how it oscillates from light to dark in periods usually lasting from 8-10 seconds (Lessard 2012). It has been found that pulsating aurora is caused by much higher ranges of electron energies, from 10s to 100s of keV as compared to other auroral types (Troyer 2022). As the pulsations in light happen in the aurora, pulsations in electron energy flux have also been observed but not much is known about their direct connection (Lessard 2012). In this project, we intend to study the correlation between the two. The pulsating aurora also has a direct relationship with magnetospheric substorms and relativistic electron microbursts both which this project will potentially be able to study (Nishimura 2020) The main goal of this project is to study how the electron energy flux, the structure, and the luminosity or the patches correlate by comparing in‑situ particle measurements from low earth orbiting satellites and events of pulsating aurora.

Poster 125

Aidan Murray (Interdepartmental Studies)
Mentor: Terry Wahls
Optimizing the Clinical Data Pipeline: Management and Validation of Medical Records Acquisition in a Large-scale Diet Intervention Trial

Abstract: The success of the "Efficacy of Diet and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis" (EDQ-MS) clinical trial depends on the rigorous validation of participant-reported health events through official medical documentation. While surveys provide a subjective view of a patient's journey, the Primary Source Verification process—the framework of acquiring, securing, and preparing medical records for abstraction and analysis— is imperative for the study's objective endpoints. This project focuses on the systematic management of the medical record acquisition process. The student will be responsible for ensuring the "completeness of the record" for 162 participants across medical health record systems. This involves identifying required documentation based on participant-reported events, navigating the regulatory hurdles of medical release authorizations, and maintaining a secure repository of clinical data on the research drive. A critical scientific component of this role includes the pre-abstraction phase: the student will audit incoming records to ensure they contain the necessary clinical indications (such as specific lab results) required for the study's secondary endpoints. By managing the workflow between the participant's report and the final data abstraction, the student ensures that the study maintains a high level of data integrity and avoids "data gaps" that could skew the safety analysis of the study's dietary interventions. This role is vital for providing the primary source verification and analysis of health events, relapses, and medication changes, directly impacting the study's ability to report accurate safety and efficacy data.

Poster 126

Megan Ostrander (Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentors: Rainbo Hultman, Benjamin Hing
Early-Life Social Isolation and Subsequent Stress Exposure: Investigating Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Stress Vulnerability

Abstract: Early life experiences play a key role in shaping neurodevelopment and influencing susceptibility to stress-related psychiatric disorders. Previous research has identified distinct neural network activity and molecular signatures associated with stress vulnerability indicating a linkage to early life experiences may influence subsequent responses to stressors. However, how early life social isolation contributes to subsequent stress vulnerability remains unclear. This study investigates whether early life social isolation increases susceptibility to subchronic social defeat stress in mice. We hypothesize that early life isolation will increase behavioral vulnerability following later stress exposure. Initial experiments characterize behavioral responses following sequential stress exposure.

Poster 127

Lawrence Quinn (Biomedical Engineering)
Mentors: Katheryn Rothenberg, Brianna O'Donnell
C3G plays a key role in driving embryonic wound repair

Abstract: Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and wound repair, while similar mechanisms drive cancer metastasis. During epithelial migration, cells maintain cohesion while dynamically remodeling their adhesions and cytoskeleton to facilitate movement. Using Drosophila as a model organism, we use embryonic epidermal wound healing to study collective cell migration. Embryonic wounds heal rapidly and without scarring in a conserved process involving assembly of a supracellular actomyosin cable connected by reinforced cell-cell adherens junctions at the leading edge. The small GTPase Rap1 is known to be important in coordinating adhesion and cytoskeletal remodeling to drive collective migration. Rap1 activity is modulated by GEFs (positive regulators) and GAPs (negative regulators). We aim to characterize the effects of upstream signaling pathways on Rap1 activity and its downstream effectors in wound healing. One conserved Rap1-specific GEF is C3G. We used RNAi against C3G and examined effects on wound healing rates and mechanisms that drive wound closure. We found that the knockdown of C3G decreases the rate of epithelial wound closure suggesting an important role in collective migration. C3G affected baseline localization of the adherens junction protein E-cadherin to cell boundaries in the epidermis, and upon wounding, adherens junctions along the leading edge did not reinforce. Thus, C3G promotes the activity of Rap1 to mediate adherens junction reinforcement and drive rapid embryonic wound repair.

Poster 128

Alexa Rivera (Biology)
Mentor: Brandon Schickling
Beyond Maternal Health: Paternal Cardiovascular Contributions to Preeclampsia and Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract: Introduction: Preeclampsia (PreE) is a hypertensive disorder affecting approximately 5–7% of pregnancies worldwide and remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Although maternal risk factors, including immune dysregulation, abnormal placentation, and genetic susceptibility, have been extensively investigated, the contribution of paternal health to pregnancy outcomes remains poorly understood. Paternally expressed imprinted genes contribute to placental development, suggesting that paternal health may influence pregnancy outcomes. We hypothesized that poor paternal cardiovascular health contributes to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: We evaluated associations between paternal cardiovascular disease (CVD) and PreE in a retrospective cohort of embryo-transfer pregnancies using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. To investigate paternal contributions independently of shared environmental factors, adult male mice received Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; 0.5 g/L in drinking water) for a minimum of 8 weeks before mating with untreated, normotensive females. Maternal cardiovascular function, pregnancy outcomes, cardiac remodeling, and transcriptional changes were evaluated. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were exposed to seminal plasma from hypertensive and normotensive men to assess expression of genes associated with early development and lineage commitment. Results: Among 74 pregnancies involving 56 fathers, PreE occurred more frequently in pregnancies involving fathers with CVD compared with those without CVD. Paternal CVD was associated with increased odds of PreE after adjustment for maternal clinical covariates (OR = 4.2, p = 0.04). Normotensive female mice mated with hypertensive males exhibited altered systolic blood pressure, differences in offspring weight, and increased maternal heart weight. These changes were accompanied by increased cardiac expression of markers associated with cellular stress, oxidative stress, and fibrotic remodeling. RNA sequencing further revealed widespread alterations in maternal cardiac gene expression, suggesting that paternal hypertension may influence maternal cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. Preliminary human iPSC experiments suggest that exposure to seminal plasma from hypertensive men alters expression of genes associated with early developmental processes and lineage commitment. Conclusion: Together, these clinical and experimental findings suggest that paternal cardiovascular health may influence maternal cardiovascular adaptations and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Preliminary iPSC findings further suggest that seminal plasma-associated factors may alter early developmental gene expression, highlighting potential mechanisms linking paternal cardiovascular health to pregnancy outcomes.

Poster 129

Isabella Schneiter (Neuroscience, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Ebonee Johnson
Impact of Co-Developing a Youth Mental Health Promotion Curriculum on Youth Empowerment Outcomes: An Application of Youth Participatory Engagement Strategies

Abstract: From Summer 2023–Fall 2026, a team of researchers from the Colleges of Public Health and Liberal Arts & Sciences partnered with teen co-creators (grades 6-12) to apply youth participatory engagement strategies grounded in the principles and practices of youth participatory action research (YPAR).  Together, they co-created, refined, and piloted a teen mental health promotion curriculum, Project Creating Responsive Action Through Empowering Resources and Strategies (CRATERS). Since Spring 2025, this current cohort of teen co-creators has focused on addressing the positive and negative ways social media and generative AI can influence and impact youth mental health. To guide strategic improvement efforts, during Fall 2026, teen working group members completed a retrospective psychosocial empowerment survey (Ozer & Schotland, 2011) to assess whether participation in the development of Project CRATERS was associated psychosocial empowerment.  Survey domains and sample questions include (a) sociopolitical skills: “I can usually figure out how to get an adult to see my point of view, even if they don’t agree with me”, (b) motivation to influence: “I want to have as much say as possible in making decisions in my school”, (c)  participatory behavior: “I have spoken with other youth about issues that I want to improve at the school”, and (d) perceived control: “students have a say in what happens at this school” (Ozer and Schotland, 2011, p.353).  Data collected from this survey will be shared including recommendations on how data can be utilized to improve engagement with the teen working group and to support empowerment outcomes moving forward.

Poster 130

Lauren Smith (Neuroscience, Anthropology)
Mentor: Gordon Buchanan
Lack of Central Serotonin Neurons Impacts Respiratory Responses and Arousal to CO2 in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy

Abstract: One in 26 people will be diagnosed with epilepsy in their lifetime, with one-third having refractory epilepsy, meaning their seizures cannot be controlled by medication. Refractory epilepsy is a risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). SUDEP commonly follows generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and these can lead to excess CO2 in the body, or hypercapnia. Seizures are known to reduce the hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR) in mice and impair arousal to CO2. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to regulate seizures, breathing, and arousal to CO2. We hypothesized that seizures would diminish the arousal and respiratory responses to CO2, and in Lmx1b mice without central 5-HT, these responses would be blunted. To test our hypothesis, we first induced status epilepticus using pilocarpine in mice, causing the survivors to exhibit spontaneous seizures (piloTLE model). EEG, EMG, and plethysmography data were recorded in the seizure-naive and piloTLE mice. Upon detection of sleep, either room air or 7% CO2 was delivered to the mice. Arousal latency, breathing frequency (𝑓), tidal volume (VT), and minute ventilation (VE) were analyzed. CO2 exposure increased arousal latency, 𝑓, VT, and VE, amongst all animals, however, this response was reduced in epileptic animals post-seizure, and in the Lmx1b mice without central 5-HT. This suggests that seizures blunt the body's ability to properly compensate after CO2 exposure, and the ability to oxygenate after a seizure, increasing vulnerability to SUDEP. In future experiments we hope to explore how sleep depth and repeated CO2 exposure may impact the physiological response to CO2.

Poster 131

Nyla Valencia (Biology)
Mentor: Katheryn Rothenberg
Rap1 controls adherens junction reinforcement during Drosophila embryonic wound healing

Abstract: Rap1 controls adherens junction reinforcement during Drosophila embryonic wound healing Authors: Nyla Valencia, Jiarui Jiang, Katheryn E. Rothenberg. Affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Iowa. Collective cell migration is essential for embryonic development and tissue repair, and its dysregulation contributes to diseases such as cancer metastasis. During epithelial wound repair, cells migrate as a collective sheet, maintaining cell-cell attachment while dynamically remodeling their adhesions and cytoskeleton to facilitate movement. In the Drosophila embryonic epidermis, wound healing is facilitated by the reinforcement of cell-cell adherens junctions at the site of former tricellular junctions (TCJs) along the wound edge, a phenomenon conserved across species. These reinforced adhesions are thought to anchor the contractile actomyosin cable that contributes to forward movement and facilitate transmission of mechanical information between neighboring cells. Rap1, a small GTPase, coordinates adherens junction and cytoskeletal reorganization during collective migration and is required for rapid epithelial wound closure in Drosophila embryos. The Rap1-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rapgap1 restricts Rap1 activity, but the spatiotemporal dynamics at the wound edge and ffects on adherens junction remodeling remain unknown. We hypothesis that Rapgap1 confines Rap1 activity to the wound margin and that its loss causes Rap1 hyperactivation and mislocalization, affecting the junctional organization required for proper wound repair. We used RNAi to disrupt rapgap1 in the embryonic epidermis and performed laser ablation wound healing assays. Rapgap1 expression significantly limited wound closure, consistent with previous results involving direct manipulation of Rap1 activity. To confirm that Rapgap1 knockdown was directly affecting Rap1 activity, we developed a Rap1 biosensor and found that Rap1 activity was increased broadly throughout the tissue and specifically at the wound edge. Adherens junctions are mediated by the transmembrane protein E-cadherin, and adhesions are linked to the actomyosin cytoskeleton via linker proteins including 𝛼-catenin, Canoe, and vinculin. We used a fluorescently tagged E-cadherin to monitor adherens junction reinforcement at former TCJs under Rapgap1 knockdown at the wound edge and found no effect. However, when we instead measured Canoe localization to former TCJs, we found that Rapgap1 expression restricted Canoe recruitment to former TCJs. Together, these results suggest that Rapgap1 acts via Rap1 activity to control engagement of adherens junctions to the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Loss of Rapgap1 allows for increased adhesion-cytoskeleton connection that may contribute to faster migration but negatively affect tissue sealing at the conclusion of wound closure.

Poster 132

John Wentzien (Biomedical Sciences)
Adrian Rodriguez
Mentors: Chun-Fang Wu, Atsushi Ueda
ALS-Associated Superoxide Dismutase Mutants Provoke Unexpected, Abnormal Male-Male Courtship in Wild-Type Fruit Flies, Drosophila

Abstract: We discovered that after introducing male Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) genetic mutants unusual male-male courtship behaviors were provoked in populations of male wild-type Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. Experimental trials revealed that when different SOD mutant alleles, linked to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) [1], were introduced, consistent responses in the male wild-type group were provoked. This behavior is unusual, as groups of male flies typically show only aggressive behavior towards each other. After the introduction of male SOD mutants to male only wild-type populations their interactions resembled components of male-female courtship behaviors. Detailed analyses were performed for the exhibited behaviors of male-male courtship such as chasing, chaining, and wing extensions in response to introducing male SOD mutants into a male wild-type population. Interestingly, when headless male SOD flies were introduced, they were also able to unleash the unexpected male-male courtship behaviors. This research enhances understanding of powerful genetic and environmental influences on courtship behavioral components.

Poster 133

Xavier Williams (Chemical and Biochemical Engineering)
Mentor: Scott Shaw
Effects of Biofilm Maturation & Geographic Environment on Surface Hydrophilicity

Abstract: Across Iowa, Texas, and Hawaii, samples of three different substrate types (Aluminum, CARC, and Silicon) have been deployed in outdoor environments and allowed to develop biofilms upon their exposed surfaces. One particular point of interest regarding these biofilms has been exactly how they alter and influence the properties of the surfaces they inhabit. Water contact-angle data were collected on these surfaces across intervals of maturation of 1, 3, 6, 12, and sometimes 18 months to gauge changes in hydrophilicity from the empirically determined standard for each substrate type. Analysis of the collected data suggests that the environment in which the films are allowed to mature is a more substantial contributor to deviations from original surface properties than the duration of maturation. These findings indicate that local environments and microbial ecosystems in the surrounding area may play a role biofilm-induced changes in hydrophilicity.

Poster 134

Bryson Kinnan (Physics, Mathematics, Music)
Mentors: Jane Nachtman, Michael Miller
DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Photon Detector Qualification of Voltage Bias Electronics Authors: Bryson, Sydney, Michael Miller, Jane, Yasar (for the DUNE Collaboration)

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an experiment for neutrino science based at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF); the Far Detector Vertical Drift module is currently being constructed. Due to the precision required to detect neutrino events and the difficulty of replacing components once installed in the underground far detector, detector hardware must undergo rigorous testing prior to installation. The University of Iowa has participated in the design and manufacture of 350 DC-DC voltage converter boards and approximately 700 electronic shielding boxes for use in the Photon Detection System, with assembly and testing taking place at the state-of-the-art Iowa Spaceflight Laboratory (ISL) at the University of Iowa. This poster will present the status of the production of DC-DC boards including compatibility testing of materials with liquid argon and qualification of components.

Poster 135

Amaris McFarland (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentors: Emily Steinbach Swehla, Lyndsay Harshman
Impact of Iron Metabolism on Neurobehavioral Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract: Pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cognitive deficits and abnormal iron metabolism. As CKD progresses, excess iron accumulation in the brain may exacerbate redox pathways necessary for normal brain function. This study examined the effects of deferoxamine (DFO), an iron chelator, on motor coordination and locomotor activity in mice. CKD mice were treated with DFO or normal saline (NS) intranasally every 48 hours for 6 weeks. Mice then underwent rotarod and open field test to examine motor coordination and locomotor activity. CKD mice treated with DFO trended toward improved motor coordination and increased locomotor activity compared to CKD mice treated with NS.

Poster 136

Keara Medved (Biology)
Mentor: Bhagirath Chaurasia
Genotyping and Characterization of Inducible Tissue-Specific and Whole-Body Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (Bmp3) Knockout Mouse Strains for Metabolic Research

Abstract: Background: Obesity promotes metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance, leading to type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels of ceramides - a class of bioactive lipids - contribute to insulin resistance during obesity. While inhibiting ceramide synthesis restores insulin sensitivity, complete ceramide ablation disrupts essential physiological functions. Our laboratory identified that Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP3) is upregulated by elevated ceramides. Therefore, targeting BMP3 may offer a viable therapeutic strategy to mitigate ceramide-driven metabolic dysfunction while avoiding the adverse effects of global ceramide inhibition. However, BMP3’s specific contribution to ceramide-induced metabolic dysfunction remains unknown. To investigate BMP3 function in vivo, inducible conditional knockout mouse models are required. Objective: To establish and genotype inducible adipose tissue-specific (Bmp3iδAdipoq) and whole-body (Bmp3iδRosa26) Bmp3 knockout mouse strains for downstream metabolic phenotyping. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from mouse tail biopsies. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed to identify the presence of floxed Bmp3 (Bmp3fl/fl), Adipoq-CreERT2, and Rosa26-CreERT2 alleles. Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-LoxP recombination will subsequently be utilized to delete Bmp3 in adipose tissue or across the whole body. Results: Genomic DNA was successfully isolated and amplified. Agarose gel electrophoresis resolved distinct amplicon sizes corresponding to wild-type (Bmp3+/+ at [216 bp]), heterozygous (Bmp3+/fl at [216 bp] and [250 bp]), and homozygous floxed (Bmp3fl/fl at [250 bp]) alleles. Additionally, specific band sizes confirmed the presence or absence of the Adipoq-CreERT2 (600 bp) and Rosa26-CreERT2 (130 bp) transgenes. This validated the genetic identity and purity of experimental cohorts prior to tamoxifen administration. Conclusion: Precise molecular characterization confirmed the successful generation and identification of Bmp3fl/fl x Adipoq-CreERT2 and Bmp3fl/fl x Rosa26-CreERT2 mouse lines. This essential quality control baseline provides the foundation for future studies investigating how conditional Bmp3 deletion impacts adipose tissue and systemic metabolism.

Poster 137

Ella Mensen (Human Physiology)
Abraham Lin
Mentor: Toshihiro Kitamoto
Genome-Wide Association Mapping Identifies Candidate Genes Associated with Lithium Sensitivity and Resistance in Drosophila

Abstract: Lithium is widely used to treat bipolar disorder and has shown promising neuroprotective effects, suggesting its potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, its clinical use is limited by a narrow therapeutic range and the risk of adverse effects. The molecular mechanisms underlying lithium's therapeutic and toxic effects remain poorly understood. This study aims to identify genes associated with lithium sensitivity and resistance through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP), a collection of approximately 200 genetically diverse, fully sequenced inbred fly lines. To assess lithium sensitivity, adult male and female flies are maintained on food containing 200 mM LiCl, and their survival is monitored using the Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM) system. Survival data are then analyzed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with differences in lithium sensitivity. Although our study is ongoing, preliminary GWAS results from approximately 60 DGRP lines have identified several candidate genes. Notably, a genetic polymorphism within an intron of rolling pebbles (rols) shows a significant association with lithium sensitivity and resistance. Future studies will investigate the functional roles of candidate genes using genetic mutants and RNA interference to identify biological pathways involved in lithium responses. We also plan to examine the roles of mammalian orthologs using rodent models and human data. These studies may provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying lithium toxicity and individual differences in lithium responses.

Poster 138

Shelley Mishra (Neuroscience)
Mentor: Bruce Bartholow
Exploring the Neural Correlates of Reward Processing and Anhedonia: An ERP Approach

Abstract: Anhedonia is characterized by the diminished ability to experience pleasure from rewarding activities. This project investigates the ERP correlates of reward processing, with a broader interest in understanding how connectivity between large-scale brain networks, including the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Central Executive Network (CEN) may contribute to anhedonia severity. ERP data collected during the Doors, Flanker, and Oddball tasks are being examined to investigate neural activity associated with processes that are motivationally significant and rewarding. Our analyses focus on ERP components, including the N2 and P3, as well as oscillations in the theta, delta, and alpha frequency bands. These measures provide complementary information about neural processes relevant to the functioning of the DMN, SN, and CEN. Reward sensitivity is assessed using the Reward Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ), allowing self-reported anhedonia severity to be considered alongside neural measures. Preliminary analyses focus on understanding the relationships between theta and delta oscillations and the P3 and N2 components, respectively. These relationships are being investigated in relation to scores on the RSQ. Preliminary patterns suggest that reward sensitivity (based on RSQ scores) may moderate associations between the oscillatory activity and ERP responses, prompting further investigation into the neural correlates of anhedonia.

Poster 139

Isabella Newell (Psychology, Counseling and Behavioral Health Services)
Mentors: Edward Wasserman, Leyre Castro Ruiz
Transfer and Interference Tradeoffs in Pigeons' Learning of Seqential Tasks

Abstract: This study investigates the tradeoff between transfer and interference during sequential learning in pigeons. Twelve pigeons were divided into two groups: a Similar group and a Different group. Both groups initially learned Task A before switching to Task B. For the Similar group, Task B had response requirements similar to those of Task A, whereas Task B involved dissimilar response requirements for the Different group. After learning Task B, both groups switched back to Task A. We measured how quickly the birds learned Task B and how quickly they were able to relearn Task A. We hypothesized that the Similar group will experience higher transfer than the Different group when learning Task B. However, the Similar group will also experience higher interference when switching back to Task A. Results showed the Similar group learned Task B slightly faster than the Different group, and it was slightly slower to relearn Task A; however, the differences were not statistically significant. These findings suggest that task similarity may influence both the acquisition of new information and the ability to return to a previously learned task. Studying these patterns in pigeons may contribute to a broader understanding of the cognitive processes involved in learning, transfer, and interference, helping researchers explore how previous learning experiences influence subsequent learning across different species.

Poster 140

Reagan Power (Human Resource Management)
Mentor: Emily Campion
People, Pay, Progress: Why Applicants Withdraw from the Selection Process

Abstract: The application and selection process can be complex for candidates, sometimes leading them to withdraw. Candidate attrition is challenging for organizations because features of their selection process may inadvertently prompt withdrawal. In this study, I examine the reasons why applicants withdraw from the selection process and compare those reasons to why they accept or reject offers. I collected narrative survey data from 78 employees across roles in a public Midwest university. I found that some of the factors that drive withdrawal include the selection process experience (e.g., length, communication from recruiter) and pay and benefits. Several factors that I expected to matter for withdrawal but did not include the people in the process (e.g., recruiters) and potential advancement; yet, these same factors mattered for candidate acceptance or rejection of an offer. These results show that organizations may have more control over candidate attrition than previously thought. From these results, I provide practical implications for organizations.

Poster 141

Cameron Roach (Earth and Environmental Sciences)
Mentor: Hang Chen
Integrated Gravity and Magnetic Imaging of Iowa Basement Geology for Natural Hydrogen Prospectivity

Abstract: Natural hydrogen has emerged as a potential low-carbon energy resource, yet favorable generation and migration settings remain poorly constrained in sediment-covered regions such as Iowa. This project will leverage existing regional gravity and aeromagnetic datasets to image basement lithology and structure in northeastern Iowa and to delineate geophysical indicators relevant to hydrogen prospectivity. We will compile and quality-control public survey data, apply advanced potential-field processing, and perform 3D modeling/inversion to estimate subsurface density and magnetic susceptibility contrasts. We will compare these created models to legacy borehole data to create a 3D geological map. The resulting basement framework will be interpreted to identify dense and/or strongly magnetic units (potentially iron-rich lithologies) and major structural features (faults, fracture zones, basement highs) that may promote water-rock interaction and fluid pathways. And identify capstones and potential traps that could hold a high saturation of hydrogen. Deliverables include an uncertainty-aware 3D basement model and target maps to guide future field validation and follow-up surveys.

Poster 142

Ava Russ (Human Physiology)
Mentor: Jacob Michaelson
Exploring Factors Associated with Genomic Sample Quality in Saliva-Derived DNA

Abstract: High-quality DNA is essential for genetic research, yet saliva-derived genomic samples vary substantially in quality. While technical factors affecting DNA quality have been studied, less is known about how participant characteristics and saliva sample characteristics relate to sequencing outcomes. This study explores associations between demographic factors, psychiatric diagnoses, saliva sample appearance, and multiple genomic quality metrics among 183 participants enrolled in the Research Program of Excellence (RPOE). Genomic sample quality was assessed using measures of DNA concentration, mapped percentage, sequencing coverage, callability, and other sequencing metrics. By examining a broad range of potential influences on genomic quality, this research aims to improve understanding of sources of variability in genomic datasets and identify factors associated with sequencing performance. Findings may help inform future quality-control practices, sample collection procedures, and the interpretation of genetic research data.

Poster 143

Grace Tesene (Biomedical Engineering)
Mentor: Steven Offer
Investigating the 5-flourouracil drug response of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase variants

Abstract: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD, encoded by the DPYD gene) is the rate limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the widely used chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Genetic variations in DPYD can be used as predictive biomarkers of severe and lethal adverse reactions to 5-FU. There are 4 well studied DPYD variants which significantly increase the risk of 5-FU toxicity and have demonstrated clinical validity: rs3918290 (*2A), rs75017182 (HapB3), rs67376798 (D949V), and rs55886062 (*13). Many of the additional >1000 nonsynonymous variants in DPYD have not been evaluated. Numerous nonsense variants that introduce a premature stop codon and result in the translations of a truncated protein, such as R561X, have been identified and are predicted to result in a non-functional protein. The goal of this project was to define the minimal DPD amino acid sequence required for functional activity. The rationale is that this would establish a “threshold” within the amino acid sequence, after which truncation or frameshift mutations could be assigned deleterious function without needing to individually model and test each variant. To define this threshold, we generated a series of C-terminal truncations, removing one amino acid at a time, and assessed enzyme activity and conferred 5-FU resistance. Truncations were generated using site directed mutagenesis on plasmid DNA containing the wildtype DPYD sequence. Plasmid-containing bacterial clones were picked and screened to confirm generation of the desired variant. Variant-encoding plasmids were transiently transfected into HEK 293T cells and treated with varying concentrations of 5FU. Viability assays were used to establish dose-response profiles for each variant relative to known actionable DPYD variants (*2A, *13, and D949V) and “wildtype” full-length DPD. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated from dose-response profiles and used to estimate the enzyme function for each variant. Deletion of 11 or more amino acids from the C-terminus (i.e., R1015X) resulted in completely non-functional DPD, with IC50 values indistinguishable from those conferred by the negative control *2A. Longer proteoforms yielded IC50 concentrations that were similar to wildtype DPD. This finding suggests that the C-terminal 10 amino acids of DPD are dispensable for enzyme function, and that truncation or frameshift mutations that remove them should not affect 5-FU toxicity risk. Furthermore, these data indicate that missense variants affecting those 10 amino acids are unlikely to impair DPD function; however, the possibility that changes there may have broader structural implications affecting function cannot be ruled out. Additional analyses, including direct measurement of DPD enzyme function conferred by truncation and missense variants affecting the region of study are underway.

Poster 144

Abby Trosper (Human Physiology, Economics)
Mentor: David Martin
Progress Towards the Synthesis of Shizukanolide H

Abstract: Neurodegenerative disorders, for which there is currently no known cure, affect nearly 50 million people worldwide. One mechanism through which neurodegeneration occurs is glutamate excitotoxicity, which occurs when glutamate levels are dysregulated in the brain, triggering alterations in cell signaling, buildup of reactive oxygen species, and cell death. Natural products called lindenanes- a subclass of terpenes found in Chloranthaceae and Lindera plants in Asia- have been shown to have diverse and potent biological activity. Of particular interest to our lab, shizukanolide H has been found to have neuroprotective properties, and our lab is pursuing a synthesis of this and other lindenanes for detailed studies. One challenge faced in the synthesis of shizukanolide H is stereochemical control, as it has 5 stereocenters. This can be partially addressed through an enzymatic hydrolysis in an early step in the synthesis. If successful, this will selectively hydrolyze one enantiomer, which can then be carried through and used in the rest of the synthesis. This project focuses on the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, and the HPLC analysis of the resulting carboxylic acid product.

Poster 145

Sydney Tune (Astronomy, Physics)
Mentor: Jasper Halekas
Solar Wind Characteristics During Low Density Periods: A Window into Young Solar Wind

Abstract: The solar wind observed at 1 AU is typically significantly altered from its near-Sun state, with the effects of expansion, Coulomb collisions, and waves and turbulence modifying the initial distributions. Helios, Solar Orbiter, and Parker Solar Probe have revealed near-Sun solar wind electron and ion distributions that often contain significant non-thermal components. We show that similar features can be observed at 1AU during low density and low Alfvén Mach number events. We examine ion beams and bi-directional (counter-streaming) solar wind strahl at 1AU during low-density events and near the sun. We suggest that low-density solar wind events provide a window on unusually un-modified plasma that retains non-thermal characteristics of the near-Sun solar wind. We hypothesize that other solar characteristics could also be studied this way.

Poster 146

Nikolas Vinovich (Physics, Statistics)
Mentors: Jane Nachtman, Yasar Onel
DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Photon Detector Teststand for Voltage Bias Electronics

Abstract: The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an experiment for neutrino science based at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF); the Far Detector Vertical Drift module is currently being constructed. Due to the precision required to detect neutrino events and the difficulty of replacing components once installed in the underground far detector, detector hardware must undergo rigorous testing prior to installation. The University of Iowa has participated in the design and manufacture of 350 DC-DC voltage converter boards and approximately 700 electronic shielding boxes for use in the Photon Detection System, with assembly and testing taking place at the state-of-the-art Iowa Spaceflight Laboratory (ISL) at the University of Iowa. To ensure the reliability of the converter boards the Iowa physics and engineering team developed a testing apparatus and automated testing procedure for evaluating their performance. In this presentation, I will discuss the current results of the manufacturing and quality-testing efforts, as well as the testing methodology, automation, and facilities developed and implemented at the ISL.

Poster 147

Austin Winn (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentors: Santosh Kumar, Shravan Kumar Uppulapu
Transcriptional regulation of eNOS by SUMO2

Abstract: Rationale and methods: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an enzyme primarily present in endothelial cells which synthesizes nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous molecule that mediates multiple functions of endothelial cells. Changes in their level or activity results in impaired function of endothelial cells known as endothelial dysfunction (ED). Prior study from our lab has shown that SUMO2 (small ubiquitin-like modifier), a small protein involved in post-translational modification called sumoylation, causes ED via affecting eNOS function. Here we examined how SUMO2 affects eNOS by manipulating SUMO2 in endothelial cells and evaluating the change in the eNOS level by immunoblotting and real-time PCR. Results: Overexpression of SUMO2 increased the level of eNOS in endothelial cells. Surprisingly, knockdown of SUMO2 also increased the level of total eNOS. Real-time PCR showed a transcriptional upregulation of eNOS with knockdown of SUMO2. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of sumoylation, TAK-981, we showed that preventing sumoylation decreases eNOS level, suggesting a possibility of the isoform specific effects of SUMOs on eNOS level. Evaluating the active form of eNOS, we noted that the overexpression of SUMO2 increases the monomeric form of eNOS while knockdown of SUMO2 increases the dimeric form of eNOS. This indicates that there may be multiple level of regulation involved in the transcriptional control of eNOS by SUMO2. Additional studies are under way to examine how SUMO2 regulates eNOS transcription and dimerization. Conclusion: We showed that endogenous SUMO2 represses the eNOS level while overexpression of SUMO2 causes a compensatory increase in total eNOS, where most of them are dysfunctional.

Poster 148

Nora Wood (Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology)
Mentor: Aimee Potter
Investigating Neisseria gonorrhoeae amino acid utilization in the context of L-lactate dependent growth

Abstract: Bacterial pathogenicity relies on metabolism of environmental resources, which in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) includes a high concentration of lactate, glucose, and amino acids found in the genital tract. Previous studies have found that lactate increases Gc growth in the presence of glucose and supports oxidative stress resistance. However, Gc grows slower on glucose than on lactate as sole carbon sources; and lactate causes Gc cell death under acidic conditions, which has been found to be prevented by arginine. We investigated the effects of proline and arginine on these effects. When Gc was cultured with L-lactate and proline, we found that growth was rescued from the low levels typical of growth on L-lactate. Arginine did not rescue growth when added to cultures with L-lactate. This suggests that proline- and arginine-induced resistance against the effects of lactate stem from two separate mechanisms. Lactate also has been shown to induce dispersal of microcolonies in Gc. We are using time-lapse microscopy to investigate the effects of L-lactate, proline, and arginine on microcolony formation and dispersal. We have found that, while L-lactate does not affect the formation of microcolonies, arginine produces larger, more irregularly shaped microcolonies. This finding suggests that arginine in the genital tract may affect Gc’s ability to colonize host surfaces. Determining Gc’s use of amino acids during lactate metabolism and signaling reveals how the detrimental effects of lactate are resolved to promote Gc pathogenicity and survival in the genital tract.